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磁性形状记忆合金致动器的设计与控制

Design and Control of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Actuators.

作者信息

Minorowicz Bartosz, Milecki Andrzej

机构信息

Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo Street 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

出版信息

Materials (Basel). 2022 Jun 22;15(13):4400. doi: 10.3390/ma15134400.

DOI:10.3390/ma15134400
PMID:35806525
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9267520/
Abstract

This paper presents research on the application of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) in actuator design. MSMAs are a relatively new group of so-called smart materials that are distinguished by repeatable strains up to 6% and dynamics much better than that of thermally activated shape memory alloys (SMAs). The shape change mechanism in MSMAs is based on the rearrangement of martensite cells in the presence of an external magnetic field. In the first part of the article a review of the current state of MSMA actuator design is presented, followed by a description of the design, modelling and control of a newly proposed actuator. The developed actuator works with MSMA samples of 3 × 10 × 32 mm, guaranteeing an available operating range of up to 1 mm, despite its great deformation range and dynamics. In the paper its dynamics model is proposed and its transfer function is derived. Moreover, the generalised Prandtl-Ishlinskii model of MSMA-actuator hysteresis is proposed. This model is then inverted and used in the control system for hysteresis compensation. A special test stand was designed and built to test the MSMA actuator with compensation. The step responses are recorded, showing that the compensated MSMA actuator exhibits the positioning accuracy as ±2 µm. As a result, the authors decided to apply a control system based on an inverse hysteresis model. The paper concludes with a summary of the research results, with theoretical analysis compared with the registered actuator characteristics.

摘要

本文介绍了磁性形状记忆合金（MSMA）在致动器设计中的应用研究。MSMA是一类相对较新的所谓智能材料，其特点是可重复应变高达6%，动力学性能比热激活形状记忆合金（SMA）好得多。MSMA中的形状变化机制基于在外部磁场存在下马氏体单元的重新排列。在文章的第一部分，对MSMA致动器设计的当前状态进行了综述，随后描述了一种新提出的致动器的设计、建模和控制。所开发的致动器与尺寸为3×10×32mm的MSMA样品配合工作，尽管其变形范围和动力学性能很大，但保证了高达1mm的可用工作范围。本文提出了其动力学模型并推导了传递函数。此外，还提出了MSMA致动器滞后的广义Prandtl-Ishlinskii模型。然后对该模型进行反演并用于控制系统进行滞后补偿。设计并搭建了一个特殊的试验台来测试具有补偿功能的MSMA致动器。记录了阶跃响应，结果表明经补偿的MSMA致动器的定位精度为±2µm。因此，作者决定应用基于反滞后模型的控制系统。文章最后总结了研究结果，并将理论分析与记录的致动器特性进行了比较。

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