Qin Boquan, Wu Shizhou, Zhang Hui
Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 26;11(13):3679. doi: 10.3390/jcm11133679.
Cavus foot is a deformity defined by the abnormal elevation of the medial arch of the foot and is a common but challenging occurrence for foot and ankle surgeons. In this review, we mainly aim to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the treatment options available for cavus foot correction based on the current research and our experience and to highlight new technologies and future research directions.
Searches on the PubMed and Scopus databases were conducted using the search terms cavus foot, CMT (Charcot-Marie-Tooth), tendon-transfer, osteotomy, and adult. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the correction of cavus foot was analyzed based on the current research and our own experience. At the same time, 3D models were used to simulate different surgical methods for cavus foot correction.
A total of 575 papers were identified and subsequently evaluated based on the title, abstract, and full text. A total of 84 articles were finally included in the review. The deformities involved in cavus foot are complex. Neuromuscular disorders are the main etiologies of cavus foot. Clinical evaluations including biomechanics, etiology, classification, pathophysiology and physical and radiological examinations should be conducted carefully in order to acquire a full understanding of cavus deformities. Soft-tissue release, tendon-transfer, and bony reconstruction are commonly used to correct cavus foot. Surgical plans need to be customized for different patients and usually involve a combination of multiple surgical procedures. A 3D simulation is helpful in that it allows us to gain a more intuitive understanding of various osteotomy methods.
The treatment of cavus foot requires us to make personalized operation plans according to different patients based on the comprehensive evaluation of their deformities. A combination of soft-tissue and bony procedures is required. Bony procedures are indispensable for cavus correction. With the promotion of digital orthopedics around the world, we can use computer technology to design and implement cavus foot operations in the future.
高弓足是一种因足内侧弓异常抬高而定义的畸形，对于足踝外科医生来说是一种常见但具有挑战性的病症。在本综述中，我们主要旨在基于当前研究和我们的经验，对可用于高弓足矫正的治疗选择进行全面评估，并突出新技术和未来研究方向。
使用搜索词“高弓足”“夏科-马里-图思病（CMT）”“肌腱转移”“截骨术”和“成人”在PubMed和Scopus数据库中进行检索。根据纳入和排除标准对研究进行筛选，并基于当前研究和我们自己的经验分析高弓足的矫正情况。同时，使用三维模型模拟高弓足矫正的不同手术方法。
共识别出575篇论文，随后根据标题、摘要和全文进行评估。最终共有84篇文章纳入本综述。高弓足所涉及的畸形较为复杂。神经肌肉疾病是高弓足的主要病因。应仔细进行包括生物力学、病因、分类、病理生理学以及体格和影像学检查在内的临床评估，以便全面了解高弓畸形。软组织松解、肌腱转移和骨性重建是矫正高弓足常用的方法。手术方案需要针对不同患者进行定制，通常涉及多种手术的联合应用。三维模拟有助于我们更直观地了解各种截骨方法。
高弓足的治疗需要我们在对患者畸形进行全面评估的基础上，根据不同患者制定个性化的手术方案。需要软组织和骨性手术相结合。骨性手术对于高弓矫正不可或缺。随着全球数字骨科的推广，未来我们可以利用计算机技术设计并实施高弓足手术。
