Vinolo-Gil Maria Jesus, Rodríguez-Huguet Manuel, García-Muñoz Cristina, Gonzalez-Medina Gloria, Martin-Vega Francisco Javier, Martín-Valero Rocío
Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain.
Rehabilitation Clinical Management Unit, Interlevels-Intercenters Hospital Puerta del Mar, Hospital Puerto Real, Cadiz Bay-La Janda Health District, 11006 Cadiz, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 28;11(13):3739. doi: 10.3390/jcm11133739.
Electromagnetic fields are emerging as a therapeutic option for patients with spasticity. They have been applied at brain or peripheral level. The effects of electromagnetic fields applied to the brain have been extensively studied for years in spasticity, but not so at the peripheral level. Therefore, the purpose of our work is to analyze the effects of electromagnetic fields, applied peripherally to spasticity. A systematic review was conducted resulting in 10 clinical trials. The frequency ranged from 1 Hz to 150 Hz, with 25 Hz being the most commonly used and the intensity it was gradually increased but there was low homogeneity in how it was increased. Positive results on spasticity were found in 80% of the studies: improvements in stretch reflex threshold, self questionnaire about difficulties related to spasticity, clinical spasticity score, performance scale, Ashworth scale, spastic tone, Hmax/Mmax Ratio and active and passive dorsal flexion. However, results must be taken with caution due to the large heterogeneity and the small number of articles. In future studies, it would be interesting to agree on the parameters to be used, as well as the way of assessing spasticity, to be more objective in the study of their effectiveness.
电磁场正逐渐成为痉挛患者的一种治疗选择。它们已被应用于大脑或外周水平。多年来，人们对应用于大脑的电磁场在痉挛方面的效果进行了广泛研究，但在外周水平上的研究却不多。因此，我们研究的目的是分析外周应用电磁场对痉挛的影响。我们进行了一项系统综述，最终纳入了10项临床试验。频率范围为1赫兹至150赫兹，其中25赫兹是最常用的，强度逐渐增加，但增加方式的同质性较低。80%的研究发现了电磁场对痉挛的积极效果：牵张反射阈值、关于痉挛相关困难的自我调查问卷、临床痉挛评分、运动功能量表、Ashworth量表、痉挛肌张力、Hmax/Mmax比值以及主动和被动背屈均有改善。然而，由于异质性大且文章数量少，结果必须谨慎对待。在未来的研究中，就使用的参数以及评估痉挛的方式达成一致将很有意义，以便在研究其有效性时更加客观。
