Seroka Ntalane S, Taziwa Raymond, Khotseng Lindiwe
Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Old King William Town Road, Potsdam Site, East London 5200, South Africa.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jun 25;12(13):2184. doi: 10.3390/nano12132184.
Sugarcane bagasse South Africa is an agricultural waste that poses many environmental and human health problems. Sugarcane bagasse dumps attract many insects that harm the health of the population and cause many diseases. Sugarcane ash is a naturally renewable source of silica. This study presents for the first time the extraction of nanosilica from sugar cane bagasse ash using L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate acid and Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide. The structural, morphological, and chemical properties of the extracted silica nanoparticles was cross examined using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. SEM analysis presents agglomerates of irregular sizes. It is possible to observe the structure of nanosilica formed by the presence of agglomerates of irregular shapes, as well as the presence of some spherical particles distributed in the structure. XRD analysis has revealed 2θ angles at 20, 26, 36, 39, 50, and 59 which shows that each peak on the xrd pattern is indicative of certain crystalline cubic phases of nanosilica, similar to results reported in the literature by Jagadesh et al. in 2015. The crystallite size estimated by the Scherrer equation based on the aforementioned peaks for ca-silica and L-cys-silica for the extracted particles had an average diameter of 26 nm and 29 nm, respectively. Furthermore, it showed a specific surface area of 21.6511 m/g and 116.005 m/g for ca-silica and L-cys silica, respectively. The Infrared (IR) spectra showed peaks at 461.231 cm, 787.381 cm and 1045.99 cm which corresponds to the SiOSi bending vibration, the SiOSi stretch vibration, and the SiOSi stretching vibration, respectively. This confirms the successful extraction of nanosilica from sugar cane bagasse ash. TGA analysis has revealed that the as received sugarcane bagasse has high loss on ignition (LOI) of 18%, corresponding to the presence of the unburnt or partial burnt particles, similar to results reported by Yadav et al. This study has shown that sugar cane bagasse ash is a natural resource of silica which should be harnessed for industrial purposes in south Africa.
南非甘蔗渣是一种农业废弃物，会引发诸多环境和人类健康问题。甘蔗渣堆放场吸引了许多昆虫，这些昆虫危害居民健康并导致多种疾病。甘蔗灰是二氧化硅的天然可再生来源。本研究首次使用一水合L - 半胱氨酸盐酸盐和氢氧化四丙基铵从甘蔗渣灰中提取纳米二氧化硅。使用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和热重分析（TGA）对提取的二氧化硅纳米颗粒的结构、形态和化学性质进行了交叉检测。扫描电子显微镜分析呈现出大小不规则的团聚体。通过不规则形状团聚体的存在以及结构中分布的一些球形颗粒，可以观察到形成的纳米二氧化硅的结构。X射线衍射分析显示在20、26、36、39、50和59处的2θ角，这表明X射线衍射图谱上的每个峰都指示纳米二氧化硅的某些晶体立方相，类似于Jagadesh等人在2015年文献中报道的结果。根据上述提取颗粒的钙硅石和L - 半胱氨酸硅石峰，由谢乐方程估计的微晶尺寸平均直径分别为26纳米和29纳米。此外，钙硅石和L - 半胱氨酸硅石的比表面积分别为21.6511平方米/克和116.005平方米/克。红外光谱在461.231厘米、787.381厘米和1045.99厘米处显示出峰，分别对应于SiOSi弯曲振动、SiOSi伸缩振动和SiOSi拉伸振动。这证实了从甘蔗渣灰中成功提取了纳米二氧化硅。热重分析表明，所接收的甘蔗渣具有18%的高灼烧损失（LOI），这对应于未燃烧或部分燃烧颗粒的存在，类似于Yadav等人报道的结果。本研究表明，甘蔗渣灰是二氧化硅的一种自然资源，在南非应将其用于工业目的。
