Leonidas Emilios, Ayvar-Soberanis Sabino, Laalej Hatim, Fitzpatrick Stephen, Willmott Jon R
Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
Sensor Systems Group, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Sheffield, Portabello Centre, Pitt Street, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jun 22;22(13):4693. doi: 10.3390/s22134693.
During the machining process, substantial thermal loads are generated due to tribological factors and plastic deformation. The increase in temperature during the cutting process can lead to accelerated tool wear, reducing the tool's lifespan; the degradation of machining accuracy in the form of dimensional inaccuracies; and thermally induced defects affecting the metallurgical properties of the machined component. These effects can lead to a significant increase in operational costs and waste which deviate from the sustainability goals of Industry 4.0. Temperature is an important machining response; however, it is one of the most difficult factors to monitor, especially in high-speed machining applications such as drilling and milling, because of the high rotational speeds of the cutting tool and the aggressive machining environments. In this article, thermocouple and infrared radiation temperature measurement methods used by researchers to monitor temperature during turning, drilling and milling operations are reviewed. The major merits and limitations of each temperature measurement methodology are discussed and evaluated. Thermocouples offer a relatively inexpensive solution; however, they are prone to calibration drifts and their response times are insufficient to capture rapid temperature changes in high-speed operations. Fibre optic infrared thermometers have very fast response times; however, they can be relatively expensive and require a more robust implementation. It was found that no one temperature measurement methodology is ideal for all machining operations. The most suitable temperature measurement method can be selected by individual researchers based upon their experimental requirements using critical criteria, which include the expected temperature range, the sensor sensitivity to noise, responsiveness and cost.
在加工过程中，由于摩擦学因素和塑性变形会产生大量热负荷。切削过程中温度的升高会导致刀具磨损加速，缩短刀具寿命；会以尺寸不准确的形式降低加工精度；还会产生影响加工部件冶金性能的热致缺陷。这些影响会导致运营成本和浪费大幅增加，偏离工业4.0的可持续发展目标。温度是一个重要的加工响应参数；然而，它是最难监测的因素之一，尤其是在钻削和铣削等高 速加工应用中，这是因为切削刀具的转速很高且加工环境恶劣。本文综述了研究人员在车削、钻削和铣削操作过程中用于监测温度的热电偶和红外辐射温度测量方法。讨论并评估了每种温度测量方法的主要优点和局限性。热电偶提供了一种相对便宜的解决方案；然而，它们容易出现校准漂移，并且其响应时间不足以捕捉高速操作中快速的温度变化。光纤红外温度计具有非常快的响应时间；然而，它们可能相对昂贵，并且需要更可靠的安装。研究发现，没有一种温度测量方法适用于所有加工操作。个别研究人员可以根据他们的实验要求，使用包括预期温度范围、传感器对噪声的敏感度、响应性和成本等关键标准来选择最合适的温度测量方法。
