Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Nov;46(8):1787-1796. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2432. Epub 2022 Jul 27.
Studies have shown an increase in the number of patients who use enteral nutrition at home and the benefits of this type of nutrition care. However, little is known about the risk of bacterial contamination of enteral formulations prepared at home. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the microbiological quality of home-prepared enteral formulations.
This study is a systematic review, registered in PROSPERO. The search for articles was carried out in databases and gray literature. Eligible studies that microbiologically analyzed homemade enteral preparations (HEPs), blended enteral preparations (BEPs), and commercial enteral formulas (CEFs) that were prepared at home were selected. The types and quantities of microorganisms, sources of contamination in the handling area, and the consequences of contamination (signs and symptoms) were the subjects extracted from the studies.
Five studies evaluated 217 enteral formulations. It was found that 72.81% of the enteral formulations exceeded the acceptable bacterial count in the case of at least one of the analyzed microorganisms. This result corresponded to 93.58% (n = 73) of the HEPs, 81.96% (n = 50) of the BEPs, and 44.87% (n = 35) of the CEFs. The presence of 10 different microorganisms was identified in the enteral formulations, and total coliforms and mesophilic aerobics were the microorganisms found in the greatest quantity in the samples.
The three types of home-prepared enteral formulations showed unsatisfactory microbiological quality, indicating poor hygiene conditions during food handling.
研究表明，越来越多的患者在家中使用肠内营养，这种营养护理方式具有诸多益处。然而，人们对家庭自制肠内配方中细菌污染的风险知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在评估家庭自制肠内配方的微生物质量。
这是一项系统评价研究，已在 PROSPERO 中注册。通过数据库和灰色文献进行了文献检索。选择了对家庭自制的肠内制剂（HEP）、混合肠内制剂（BEP）和商业肠内配方（CEF）进行微生物分析的合格研究。从研究中提取了微生物种类和数量、处理区域的污染来源以及污染后果（症状和体征）等主题。
五项研究共评估了 217 种肠内配方。结果发现，至少有一种分析微生物的肠内制剂超过了可接受的细菌计数。这一结果对应于 93.58%（n=73）的 HEP、81.96%（n=50）的 BEP 和 44.87%（n=35）的 CEF。在肠内制剂中发现了 10 种不同的微生物，其中总大肠菌群和需氧嗜温菌是样本中数量最多的微生物。
三种类型的家庭自制肠内制剂的微生物质量均不理想，表明在食品处理过程中卫生条件较差。
