Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Sep 1;242:113847. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113847. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
Insecticides harm the beneficial organisms, such as predatory spiders, through direct killing or regulation of the development and reproduction. In this study, the bioassay showed that the treatment of juvenile hormone (JH) analogue fenoxycarb delayed the moulting of Pardosa pseudoannulata, a dominant predatory spider in paddy fields. In order to figure out the regulatory mechanism of fenoxycarb on the spider development, we systematically analyzed JH biosynthesis in P. pseudoannulata. All genes involved in JH biosynthesis pathway were retrieved from the genome of P. pseudoannulata, except for CYP15A1. The absence of CYP15A1 was in agreement with the identification of methyl farnesoate (MF) rather than JH III in the spider. The delayed moulting and decreased expression of JH biosynthesis-related genes in the MF-applied spiderlings supported that MF was an active JH. Fenoxycarb treatment significantly upregulated the transcriptional level of JH biosynthesis-related genes and consequently delayed the spiderling moulting. In the spider development, ecdysteroid played the opposite role, in contrast to MF, to accelerate the development, as our previous study. Here we found that the treatment of ecdysteroid analogue tebufenozide accelerated P. pseudoannulata spiderling moulting, which resulted from the expressional suppression of ecdysteroid biosynthesis-related genes. In total, the JH and ecdysteroid analogues affected the development of P. pseudoannulata by the expressional regulation of biosynthesis-related genes, which would be helpful for the evaluation of hormone analogue insecticides in environmental safety, and useful for the protection and application of P. pseudoannulate and related spider species.
杀虫剂通过直接杀死或调节发育和繁殖来伤害有益生物，如捕食性蜘蛛。在这项研究中，生物测定表明，保幼激素 (JH) 类似物苯氧威处理延迟了稻田中优势捕食性蜘蛛拟环纹豹蛛的蜕皮。为了弄清楚苯氧威对蜘蛛发育的调节机制，我们系统地分析了拟环纹豹蛛的 JH 生物合成。除了 CYP15A1 外，从拟环纹豹蛛基因组中检索到参与 JH 生物合成途径的所有基因。蜘蛛中鉴定出的是甲基法呢酯 (MF) 而不是 JH III，这与 CYP15A1 的缺失是一致的。MF 在施用 MF 的幼蛛中蜕皮延迟和 JH 生物合成相关基因表达降低，支持 MF 是一种活性 JH。苯氧威处理显著上调了 JH 生物合成相关基因的转录水平，从而延迟了幼蛛蜕皮。在蜘蛛发育过程中，蜕皮甾酮与 MF 相反，起到加速发育的作用，如我们之前的研究。在这里，我们发现蜕皮甾酮类似物噻嗪酮处理加速了拟环纹豹蛛幼蛛蜕皮，这是由于蜕皮甾酮生物合成相关基因的表达抑制所致。总之，JH 和蜕皮甾酮类似物通过对生物合成相关基因的表达调控影响拟环纹豹蛛的发育，这有助于评估激素类似杀虫剂在环境安全方面的影响，并有助于保护和应用拟环纹豹蛛及相关蜘蛛物种。
