University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2021 Jul 1;308:113781. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113781. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
The juvenile hormone (JH) plays a crucial role in arthropod physiological processes, e.g., the regulation of metamorphosis, development, and reproduction (the vitellogenesis, the development of gonads, egg production). Still, data about this sesquiterpenoid hormone in spiders (Araneae) are rudimentary and equivocal. The presence of the JH or its precursors (e.g. methyl farnesoate) is not confirmed in spiders. The site of synthesis of its is still undetermined. No receptors of the JH are identified in spiders and thus, the molecular mechanism of action of this group of hormones is still unknown. Here we show by using the phylogenetic analysis and qPCR method the presence of the transcript of the enzyme catalyzing the last phase of the JH biosynthesis pathway (epox CYP15A1), the JH receptor (Met), and a possible candidate to the methyl farnesoate receptor (USP) in the various tissues and stages of ontogenesis in both sexes of spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. Our results indicate that the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate presence is possible in the species of spider P. tepidariorum. The presence of the Ptepox CYP15A1 gene suggests that the main site of the juvenile hormone synthesis can be the integument and not the Schneider organ 2. It also seems that the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate can be hormones with biological activity due to the presence of the transcript of insect and crustacean JH/MG receptor - Met. The Ptepox CYP15A1, PtMet, and Ptusp expression are sex-, tissue-and time-specific. This study is the first report about the presence of the Ptepox CYP15A1 and PtMet transcripts in the Arachnida, which may indicate the presence of the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate in spiders.
保幼激素（JH）在节肢动物生理过程中发挥着重要作用，例如调控变态、发育和生殖（卵黄生成、性腺发育、产卵）。然而，关于蜘蛛（蛛形纲）中这种倍半萜激素的数据还很基础和有争议。在蜘蛛中，尚未确认 JH 或其前体（例如法尼酯）的存在。其合成部位仍未确定。在蜘蛛中也没有鉴定到 JH 受体，因此，该组激素的分子作用机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们通过使用系统发育分析和 qPCR 方法，在雌雄两性蜘蛛 Parasteatoda tepidariorum 的各种组织和发育阶段的个体中，显示了催化 JH 生物合成途径最后阶段的酶（环氧化物 CYP15A1、JH 受体 Met 和可能的法尼酯甲基受体 USP）的转录本的存在。我们的结果表明，在蜘蛛 P. tepidariorum 中可能存在保幼激素和/或法尼酯。Ptepox CYP15A1 基因的存在表明，保幼激素的主要合成部位可能是外骨骼而不是 Schneider 器官 2。由于存在昆虫和甲壳类动物 JH/MG 受体-Met 的转录本，因此，保幼激素和/或法尼酯可能是具有生物活性的激素。Ptepox CYP15A1、PtMet 和 Ptusp 的表达具有性别、组织和时间特异性。本研究首次报道了 P. tepidariorum 中 Ptepox CYP15A1 和 PtMet 转录本的存在，这可能表明蜘蛛中存在保幼激素和/或法尼酯。
