Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, 55906, USA.
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, 55906, USA.
Hum Pathol. 2023 Feb;132:77-88. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.07.001. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors and primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and pose challenges for both diagnosis and for determining whether the tumor is primary to the liver versus metastatic disease. The lack of a uniform definition for primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms is also a limitation to understanding and treating these rare tumors. Recently, there have been significant histological advances in the diagnosis and classification of neuroendocrine tumors in general, as well as significant advances in imaging for neuroendocrine neoplasms, all of which are important for their treatment. This article presents a multiple disciplinary definition and proposed guidelines for diagnosing a neuroendocrine tumor/neuroendocrine carcinomas as being primary to the liver.
原发性肝神经内分泌肿瘤和原发性肝神经内分泌癌较为罕见，在诊断和确定肿瘤是原发性肝肿瘤还是转移性疾病方面都具有挑战性。缺乏对原发性肝神经内分泌肿瘤的统一定义也是理解和治疗这些罕见肿瘤的一个限制。最近，在神经内分泌肿瘤的诊断和分类方面取得了重大的组织学进展，以及在神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学方面也取得了重大进展，这些都对其治疗非常重要。本文提出了一个多学科的定义，并提出了诊断原发性肝神经内分泌肿瘤/神经内分泌癌的建议指南。
