School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
Appetite. 2022 Nov 1;178:106159. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106159. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Research has shown that expected satiety is highly associated with portion-size selection and can vary (kcal-for-kcal) significantly between foods. However, research has not adequately investigated whether current appetite influences relative differences in the expected satiety of foods. This is important to explore to better understand how current motivational state influences food choice and portion selection. This study used 'hypothetical' and 'momentary' expected-satiety assessments to understand whether methods requiring a reflection on current motivational state [momentary] versus more hypothetical considerations when assessing expected satiety can influence the interpretation of results. It was hypothesised that current appetite would only influence relative differences in expected satiety between foods for momentary, but not hypothetical, expected satiety assessments. Participants (n = 54) were shown images of twelve foods, once when hungry and once when full. In each case, they selected a portion for each food to 1) match the expected satiety of a fixed-portion 'standard' food [hypothetical], and 2) stave off hunger until their next meal [momentary]. Results showed that the relative between-food comparison of expected satiety was stable for hypothetical (p=.73) but not momentary assessments (p<.001) suggesting that while current motivational state may influence food choice and portion selection in the moment, more generalised comparisons of the satiating abilities of foods (learned over a longer period) remain stable. This is important 1) for methods in future studies, as immediate dietary intake does not appear to influence hypothetical expected satiety, thus dietary control is not necessary before participants undertake these assessments, and 2) as it confirms that difficulties associated with dietary regulation may not be due to inaccurate hypothetical judgements about foods, but instead appear to be influenced by contextual nuances that occur in the moment.
研究表明，预期饱腹感与食物份量选择高度相关，不同食物之间的（千卡对千卡）差异可能很大。然而，目前的研究还没有充分探讨当前的食欲是否会影响对食物预期饱腹感的相对差异。这一点很重要，因为它可以帮助我们更好地理解当前的动机状态如何影响食物选择和份量选择。本研究使用“假设”和“即时”预期饱腹感评估来了解当评估预期饱腹感时，是否需要考虑当前动机状态的方法[即时]与更假设性的考虑因素会影响结果的解释。研究假设，当前的食欲只会影响即时预期饱腹感评估中食物之间预期饱腹感的相对差异，而不会影响假设性预期饱腹感评估。研究共招募了 54 名参与者，在饥饿和饱腹两种状态下，分别对 12 种食物的图片进行评估。在每种情况下，他们都会为每种食物选择一份份量，以 1）匹配固定份量“标准”食物的预期饱腹感[假设]，以及 2）抵御饥饿直到下一餐[即时]。结果表明，对于假设性评估（p=.73），而不是即时评估（p<.001），预期饱腹感的食物间相对比较是稳定的，这表明虽然当前的动机状态可能会影响即时的食物选择和份量选择，但对食物饱腹感能力的更一般性比较（在较长时间内习得）仍然稳定。这一点很重要：1）对于未来研究中的方法，因为即时饮食摄入似乎不会影响假设性预期饱腹感，因此在参与者进行这些评估之前不需要进行饮食控制，2）因为它证实了与饮食调节相关的困难可能不是由于对食物的不准确假设判断，而是由于在即时发生的情境细微差别而受到影响。
