School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
Appetite. 2022 Nov 1;178:106275. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106275. Epub 2022 Aug 12.
Research suggests that the role of expected satiety in influencing portion-size selection is reduced when food is presented in unusual food-to-mealtime contexts; however, the underlying mechanism has not been explored. Other research has revealed that different implicit satiety drivers (e.g., to stop momentary hunger or obtain complete fullness) are associated with different perceived levels of stomach fullness, portion-size selections and can change on instruction. The current study explored whether changes in expected satiety and ideal portions in congruous vs incongruous contexts can be explained by changes in implicit satiety drivers. Another aim was to investigate a previous exploratory finding suggesting that portions selected to stave off hunger are reduced when foods are presented in unusual food-to-mealtime contexts. At two trials (breakfast/lunch), participants (n = 40) selected a portion of typical lunch (pasta) and breakfast (porridge) foods via a psychophysical computer-based method 1) to stave off hunger for 5 h, and 2) as an ideal portion. Participants also indicated their perceived level of stomach fullness associated with 1) each portion, and 2) five implicit satiety drivers. Results revealed that a smaller average portion was selected to stave off hunger in incongruous (vs congruous) food-to-mealtime contexts (531 ± 229 vs 575 ± 236 kcal) (p = 0.008). This suggests that expected satiety is influenced by momentary context; foods are perceived to be more satiating when consumed in unusual (vs usual) contexts. Results also showed that implicit satiety drivers are malleable in regard to the portion size associated with a perceived level of stomach fullness and that this can vary contextually. These findings provide initial evidence to explain the psychological mechanism underlying the contextual differences observed in portion-size selections. Future work should explore longer-term impacts of consuming foods in unusual contexts.
研究表明，当食物出现在不寻常的食物与用餐时间的情境中时，预期饱腹感在影响份量选择中的作用会降低；然而，其潜在机制尚未得到探索。其他研究表明，不同的隐含饱腹感驱动因素（例如，停止暂时的饥饿或获得完全的饱腹感）与不同的感知胃饱满程度、份量选择相关，并且可以根据指令改变。本研究探讨了在一致和不一致的情境中，预期饱腹感和理想份量的变化是否可以用隐含饱腹感驱动因素的变化来解释。另一个目的是调查之前的一项探索性发现，即在不寻常的食物与用餐时间的情境中呈现食物时，为了避免饥饿而选择的份量会减少。在两次试验（早餐/午餐）中，参与者（n=40）通过基于计算机的心理物理方法选择了典型午餐（意大利面）和早餐（粥）食物的份量：1）为了避免 5 小时的饥饿，2）作为理想份量。参与者还表示他们对与 1）每份食物和 2）五个隐含饱腹感驱动因素相关的胃饱满程度的感知。结果表明，在不一致（与一致）的食物与用餐时间的情境中，为了避免饥饿而选择的平均份量较小（531±229 与 575±236 千卡）（p=0.008）。这表明预期饱腹感受到当前情境的影响；在不寻常（与寻常）的情境中，食物被认为更有饱腹感。结果还表明，在与饱腹感感知相关的份量方面，隐含饱腹感驱动因素是可塑的，并且这种情况可以随情境而变化。这些发现为解释在份量选择中观察到的情境差异的心理机制提供了初步证据。未来的研究应该探索在不寻常情境下进食对长期的影响。
