Dy-Boarman Eliza A, Ulrich Erin
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311-4505, United States.
Department of Health Sciences, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311-4505, United States.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2022 Jun;14(6):758-764. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.06.015. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
Advanced entrepreneurship opportunities are important to consider as entrepreneurial skills become increasingly important to develop in pharmacy students. This institution implemented a new practice transformation advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE), pairing students with community partners to implement and/or evaluate pharmacy services, network with pharmacists, and receive mentorship. The purpose of this article is to describe the APPE and students' outcomes during this first pilot year.
A faculty preceptor mentored and oversaw all APPE activities. Students were selected through an application process, and community partners were recruited based on alignment with students' goals and need for student assistance. Community partners prepared a list of practice transformation activities needed at their sites, and progress was tracked during weekly virtual meetings. APPE students completed a pre-APPE questionnaire, collecting background information and predictors of entrepreneurship: proactive personality, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO). At the end of the APPE, IEO was measured again, and students reflected on what skills were developed.
Three students participated in the first year and were paired with various community partners. IEO baseline scores ranged from 24 to 28 (mean = 25.3, SD = 2.3), and follow-up scores increased to 28 to 30 (mean = 29.0, SD = 1.0). Students reported development in both soft and technical skills.
The practice transformation APPE offered students a unique opportunity to develop a diverse set of skills during a focused five-week experience. Based on positive feedback from students, this institution plans to continue to expand this APPE.
随着创业技能对药学专业学生的培养愈发重要，高级创业机会成为了需要考虑的重要因素。该机构实施了一项新的实践转型高级药学实践经验（APPE），将学生与社区合作伙伴配对，以实施和/或评估药学服务、与药剂师建立联系并接受指导。本文旨在描述这一APPE项目以及在首个试点年学生的成果。
一名教师导师指导并监督所有APPE活动。学生通过申请流程选拔产生，社区合作伙伴则根据与学生目标的契合度以及对学生协助的需求来招募。社区合作伙伴准备了其所在场所所需的实践转型活动清单，并在每周的虚拟会议中跟踪进展情况。APPE学生完成了一份APPE前问卷，收集背景信息以及创业的预测因素：积极主动型人格、创业自我效能感和个人创业导向（IEO）。在APPE结束时，再次测量IEO，并让学生反思所培养的技能。
第一年有三名学生参与，他们与不同的社区合作伙伴配对。IEO基线分数在24至28之间（均值 = 25.3，标准差 = 2.3），后续分数提高到28至30（均值 = 29.0，标准差 = 1.0）。学生报告称在软技能和技术技能方面都有所发展。
实践转型APPE为学生提供了一个独特的机会，让他们在为期五周的集中体验中培养一系列多样的技能。基于学生的积极反馈，该机构计划继续扩大这一APPE项目。
