Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamilnadu, India.
Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamilnadu, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;306:135629. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135629. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
In most developing countries, the availability of drinking water is a major problem. This creates the need for treatment of wastewater, reusability of water, etc. The membrane technology has its place in the market for treating such water. This review compares polymeric membrane fabrication techniques, characteristics, and factors responsible for effective membrane separation for different materials. Although extensive knowledge is available on membrane fabrication, fabricating a membrane is still more challenging, which is more prone to antifouling properties. The competency in different fabrication methods like phase inversion, interfacial polymerization, stretching, track etching and electrospinning are elucidated in the current study. Further, the challenges and adaptability of different application fabrication methods are studied. Important surface parameters like surface wettability, roughness, surface tension, pore size, surface charge, surface functional group and pure water flux are analyzed for different polymeric membranes. In addition, the properties responsible for fouling the membrane are also covered in detail. Flow direction and velocity are the main factors that characterize a membrane's antifouling nature. Antifouling separation can still be achieved by characterizing feed properties such as pH, temperature, diffusivity, ion concentration, and surface content. Understanding fouling properties is a key to progress in membrane technology to develop an effective membrane separation.
在大多数发展中国家，饮用水的供应是一个主要问题。这就需要对废水进行处理，实现水的再利用等。膜技术在处理这类水的市场中占有一席之地。本综述比较了用于不同材料的有效膜分离的聚合物膜制造技术、特性和影响因素。尽管已经有广泛的关于膜制造的知识，但制造膜仍然更具挑战性，更容易受到防污性能的影响。在当前的研究中，阐述了相转化、界面聚合、拉伸、轨迹蚀刻和静电纺丝等不同制造方法的能力。此外，还研究了不同应用制造方法的挑战和适应性。对不同聚合物膜的重要表面参数，如表面润湿性、粗糙度、表面张力、孔径、表面电荷、表面官能团和纯水通量进行了分析。此外，还详细介绍了导致膜污染的特性。流动方向和速度是表征膜抗污染性质的主要因素。通过表征进料特性，如 pH 值、温度、扩散系数、离子浓度和表面含量，仍然可以实现抗污染分离。了解污染特性是膜技术发展有效膜分离的关键。
