Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 1;308:119723. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119723. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
Stormwater and snowmelt runoff is known to contribute to the deterioration of quality of urban surface waters. Vehicular traffic is recognised as a major source of a wide range of pollutants to urban runoff, including conventional pollutants, such as suspended solids and metals, and those referred to as 'contaminants of emerging concern'. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of selected metal(loid)s (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Pd, Sb, W, Zn), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenols, octylphenols and -ethoxylates, phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) from vehicular traffic by sampling urban roadside snow at eight sites, with varying traffic intensities, and one control site without direct impacts of traffic. Our results confirmed that vehicles and traffic-related activities were the sources of octylphenols, BPA and phthalates as well as the metal(loid)s Sb and W, infrequently reported in previous studies. Among metal(loid)s, Cu, Zn and W occurred in the highest concentrations (up to 1.2 mg/L Cu, 2.4 mg/L Zn and 1.9 mg/L W), while PAHs and phthalates occurred in the highest concentrations among the trace organic pollutants (up to 540 μg/L phthalate diisononyl phthalate). Among the phthalates, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate had the highest frequency of detection (43% of the roadside samples). While BPA and octylphenols had relatively high frequencies of detection (50% for BPA and 81% for octylphenols), they were present in comparatively low concentrations (up to 0.2 μg/L BPA and 1.1 μg/L octylphenols). The control site displayed generally low concentrations of the pollutants studied, indicating that atmospheric deposition was not a significant source of the pollutants found in the roadside snow. Several of the pollutants in the roadside snow exceeded the applicable surface water and stormwater effluent guideline values. Thus, the transport of these pollutants with runoff posed risk of causing adverse effects in the receiving surface waters.
雨水和融雪径流已知会导致城市地表水水质恶化。机动车交通被认为是城市径流中多种污染物的主要来源，包括常规污染物，如悬浮固体和金属，以及被称为“新兴关注污染物”的污染物。本研究的目的是通过在八个具有不同交通强度的路边点和一个没有直接交通影响的对照点采样城市路边积雪，调查选定金属（如 Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Pd、Sb、W、Zn）、多环芳烃（PAHs）、壬基酚、辛基酚和乙氧基化物、邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚 A（BPA）等源自机动车交通的贡献。我们的研究结果证实，车辆和与交通相关的活动是壬基酚、BPA 和邻苯二甲酸酯以及 Sb 和 W 等金属（如 Sb 和 W）的来源，这些金属（如 Sb 和 W）在以前的研究中很少有报道。在金属（如 Sb 和 W）中，Cu、Zn 和 W 的浓度最高（高达 1.2mg/L 的 Cu、2.4mg/L 的 Zn 和 1.9mg/L 的 W），而 PAHs 和邻苯二甲酸酯则是痕量有机污染物中浓度最高的（高达 540μg/L 的邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯）。在邻苯二甲酸酯中，邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯的检出频率最高（43%的路边样本）。虽然 BPA 和辛基酚的检出频率相对较高（BPA 为 50%，辛基酚为 81%），但它们的浓度相对较低（BPA 最高浓度为 0.2μg/L，辛基酚最高浓度为 1.1μg/L）。对照点显示研究中污染物的浓度普遍较低，表明大气沉降不是路边积雪中发现的污染物的重要来源。路边雪中的几种污染物超过了适用的地表水和雨水排放标准。因此，这些污染物随径流的迁移会对受纳地表水体造成不利影响的风险。
