Müller Alexandra, Österlund Heléne, Nordqvist Kerstin, Marsalek Jiri, Viklander Maria
Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jul;330:138730. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138730. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
Building surface materials, exposed to wash-off by rainwater or snowmelt, are recognised as one of the significant urban diffuse pollution sources contributing to the impairment of stormwater quality. The pollution conveyed by roof runoff originates from two potential sources, migration of surface material constituents, or wash-off of pollutants deposited on the surface by atmospheric deposition. This study investigated the releases of metals and several groups of contaminants of emerging concern: alkylphenols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and phthalates, from commercially available materials, which are commonly used on buildings and structure surfaces in the urban environment. The materials tested included the following: metal sheets of stainless steel, copper, zinc, galvanised steel, corten steel, corrugated and coated steel, coated zinc; and bitumen-based roofing felt and shingles, as well as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from two manufacturers. The stainless steel was considered a control material serving to estimate pollutant contributions deposited on the pilot panels from the surrounding environment. Moreover, this study presents novel data on roof snowmelt induced runoff quality, not reported in the previous literature. The experimental setup consisted of 2-m rectangular panels mounted in triplicates of each material and placed in an open-air setting on the campus of Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Runoff leaving the gently sloping material panels was collected during 11 rain and three snowmelt driven runoff events occurring over a five-year period. The results showed that, in general, the micropollutant concentrations and loads were lower in snowmelt than rain induced runoff, and no decreasing trend was detected in the releases of phthalates or metals during the study period. Moreover, on a yearly basis, copper sheets were estimated to release 0.6 g/m Cu to runoff, zinc and galvanised sheets 1.3 and 0.7 g/m Zn, respectively, and, PVC sheets were estimated to release up to 78 mg/m of diisononyl phthalate (DINP).
暴露于雨水冲刷或融雪冲刷的建筑表面材料，被认为是导致雨水水质恶化的重要城市面源污染来源之一。屋顶径流携带的污染物有两个潜在来源，一是表面材料成分的迁移，二是大气沉降在表面沉积的污染物被冲刷下来。本研究调查了城市环境中建筑物和结构表面常用的市售材料中金属以及几类新出现的关注污染物（烷基酚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和邻苯二甲酸盐）的释放情况。测试的材料包括以下几种：不锈钢、铜、锌、镀锌钢、耐候钢、波纹钢和涂层钢、涂锌金属板；沥青基屋面油毡和屋面板，以及来自两家制造商的聚氯乙烯（PVC）。不锈钢被视为对照材料，用于估算从周围环境沉积在试验板上的污染物贡献。此外，本研究还提供了以往文献中未报道的关于屋顶融雪引发径流质量的新数据。实验装置由2米长的矩形板组成，每种材料一式三份，放置在瑞典吕勒奥理工大学校园的露天环境中。在五年期间发生的11次降雨和3次融雪驱动的径流事件中，收集了从缓坡材料板流出的径流。结果表明，总体而言，融雪径流中的微污染物浓度和负荷低于降雨径流，且在研究期间邻苯二甲酸盐或金属的释放量没有下降趋势。此外，按年度计算，估计铜板向径流中释放0.6克/平方米的铜，锌板和镀锌板分别释放1.3克/平方米和0.7克/平方米的锌，而PVC板估计释放高达78毫克/平方米的邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DINP）。
