Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya.
Department of Laboratory, Diagnostic Unit, Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Lodwar, Kenya.
Pan Afr Med J. 2022 May 9;42:13. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.13.32025. eCollection 2022.
Salmonella and Shigella infections are waterborne associated infections globally known to cause serious illnesses in all age groups, but can be more devastating in children below five years. Antimicrobial resistance has been known to worsen the existing challenge in the management of Salmonella and Shigella infections. The aim is to isolate and identify Salmonella and Shigella among children less than five years with diarrhea and to determine resistance to commonly prescribed drugs at the Lodwar County and Referral Hospital in Northern Kenya.
using a cross-sectional study design, a descriptive experimental study was conducted on 196 children with diarrhea using rectal swabs. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information. Samples were then received in the microbiology laboratory, and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were done before culture on specific selective media. Thereafter, biochemical confirmation of the growths done then confirmed results tabulated before analysis.
from the total samples collected (196) Shigella dysenteriae cases were 4 (5%), while Shigella Flexneri were 7 (9%), Shigella sonnei were 3 (4%), Shigella boydii were 4 (5%) and Salmonella typhimurium were 2 (2.4%). From these, about 70% of the isolated Salmonella and Shigella demonstrated high antibiotic resistance to Amoxilliclav and Ampicillin, both with high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values of about 8ug/ml. While over 80% drug susceptibility was noted in Amikacin (1ug/ml), Ciprofloxacin (2ug/ml), Ceftriaxone (4ug/ml) and Ceftazidime (4ug/ml).
Salmonella and Shigella are among the common contributors of diarrhea among children less than five years. Drug resistance among the commonly used antibiotics is a serious indicator that possible misuse of antibiotics especially the beta lactam penicillin's.
沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌感染是全球范围内与水有关的感染，已知会导致所有年龄段的人患上严重疾病，但在 5 岁以下的儿童中可能更为严重。抗生素耐药性已被证明会加剧沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌感染管理方面的现有挑战。本研究旨在从肯尼亚北部洛德瓦尔县和转诊医院 5 岁以下腹泻儿童中分离和鉴定沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌，并确定对常用药物的耐药性。
采用横断面研究设计，对 196 名腹泻儿童进行了直肠拭子的描述性实验研究。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学信息。采集的样本被送到微生物学实验室，然后在特定的选择性培养基上进行宏观和微观检查，再进行培养。然后对生长物进行生化确认，然后将结果制表进行分析。
从总共采集的样本（196 个）中，检出 4 例志贺氏痢疾杆菌（5%）、7 例福氏志贺菌（9%）、3 例宋内志贺菌（4%）、4 例鲍氏志贺菌（5%）和 2 例鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（2.4%）。这些分离出的沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌中，约 70%对阿莫西林克拉维酸和氨苄西林表现出高抗生素耐药性，两者的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值均约为 8ug/ml。而对阿米卡星（1ug/ml）、环丙沙星（2ug/ml）、头孢曲松（4ug/ml）和头孢他啶（4ug/ml）的药敏率超过 80%。
沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌是导致 5 岁以下儿童腹泻的常见原因之一。常用抗生素的耐药性是抗生素滥用的严重指标，特别是β内酰胺类青霉素的滥用。
