Becker Larissa L, DeRouchey Joel M, Woodworth Jason C, Tokach Mike D, Goodband Robert D, Vidal Arnau, Gougoulias Christos, Gebhardt Jordan T
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA.
Innovad NV/SA, Postbaan 69, 2910 Essen, Belgium.
Transl Anim Sci. 2022 Jun 14;6(3):txac081. doi: 10.1093/tas/txac081. eCollection 2022 Jul.
A total of 4,318 pigs (337 × 1,050, PIC; initially 6.5 ± 0.08 kg) were used in a 35-day study to evaluate dietary mycotoxin control strategies on nursery pig performance and blood measures. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with blocking structure including sow farm origin, date of entry into facility, and average pen BW. A total of 160 pens were used with 80 double-sided 5-hole stainless steel fence line feeders, with feeder serving as the experimental unit. For each feeder, 1 pen contained 27 gilts and 1 pen contained 27 barrows. There were 16 replications per dietary treatment. A common phase 1 diet was fed to all pigs in pelleted form for 7 day prior to treatment diets. Experimental treatments were fed from days 7 to 42 after weaning (days 0 to 35 of the study) and included a low deoxynivalenol (DON) diet (1.12 ± 0.623 mg/kg), high DON diet (2.34 ± 1.809 mg/kg), high DON+ 0.50% sodium metabisulfite (SMB), high DON+ one of two mitigating products; 0.30% Technology1, or 0.30% Technology1+. Technology1 and 1+ are comprised of clays, yeast cell wall components, and a blend of plant extracts. Technology1+ also contains SMB. Overall (days 0 to 35), pigs fed high DON had decreased ( < 0.05) final BW, ADG, and ADFI compared with low DON. Additionally, pigs fed high DON+SMB had increased ( < 0.05) ADG compared with all other treatments. An improvement ( < 0.05) in G:F was observed in pigs fed high DON + SMB or high DON + Technology1+ compared with the low DON or high DON + Technology1 diets with high DON diets intermediate. Pigs fed high DON + SMB or high DON + Technology1 diets had reduced ( < 0.05) total removals and mortality compared with pigs fed low DON diets with high DON and high DON + Technology1+ intermediate. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of circulating blood collected on day 35 revealed that pigs fed high DON or high DON + Technology1 had increased ( < 0.05) DON concentrations compared to low DON with high DON + SMB and high DON + Technology1+ intermediate. In summary, pigs fed high DON diets had reduced performance compared with pigs fed low DON. Sodium metabisulfite in high DON diets provided a benefit in growth performance with ADG and G:F exceeding growth performance in the low DON diet while, the improved G:F ratio combined with other immunometabolic changes (gamma glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase) associated with Technology1+ warrant further investigation.
在一项为期35天的研究中，共使用了4318头猪（337×1050头，PIC品种；初始体重6.5±0.08千克），以评估日粮霉菌毒素控制策略对保育猪生产性能和血液指标的影响。猪在约21日龄断奶，并采用随机完全区组设计随机分配到5种日粮处理中的一种，区组结构包括母猪场来源、进入设施的日期和栏内平均体重。总共使用了160个栏，配备80个双面5孔不锈钢围栏式饲喂器，以饲喂器作为实验单位。每个饲喂器对应1个栏，其中1个栏饲养27头小母猪，另1个栏饲养27头小公猪。每个日粮处理有16个重复。在饲喂处理日粮前，所有猪均饲喂颗粒状的通用1期日粮7天。实验处理从断奶后第7天至第42天（研究的第0天至第35天）进行，包括低脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）日粮（1.12±0.623毫克/千克）、高DON日粮（2.34±1.809毫克/千克）、高DON+0.50%焦亚硫酸钠（SMB）、高DON+两种缓解产品之一；0.30%的Technology1或0.30%的Technology1+。Technology1和1+由粘土、酵母细胞壁成分和植物提取物混合物组成。Technology1+还含有SMB。总体而言（第0天至第35天），与低DON日粮相比，饲喂高DON日粮的猪末重、平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）降低（P<0.05）。此外，与所有其他处理相比，饲喂高DON+SMB的猪ADG增加（P<0.05）。与低DON或高DON+Technology1日粮相比，高DON日粮中间水平，饲喂高DON+SMB或高DON+Technology1+的猪料重比（G:F）得到改善（P<0.05）。与饲喂低DON日粮的猪相比，饲喂高DON+SMB或高DON+Technology1日粮的猪总淘汰率和死亡率降低（P<0.05），高DON和高DON+Technology1+处于中间水平。对第35天采集的循环血液进行液相色谱/质谱分析发现，与低DON日粮相比，饲喂高DON或高DON+Technology1的猪DON浓度增加（P<0.05），高DON+SMB和高DON+Technology1+处于中间水平。总之，与饲喂低DON日粮的猪相比，饲喂高DON日粮的猪生产性能降低。高DON日粮中的焦亚硫酸钠对生长性能有益，其ADG和G:F超过低DON日粮的生长性能，而Technology1+改善G:F比值并伴有其他免疫代谢变化（γ-谷氨酰转移酶和肌酸激酶）值得进一步研究。
