Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Vet Med Sci. 2023 Jan;9(1):417-428. doi: 10.1002/vms3.831. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal disease caused by Campylobacter fetus that has a negative impact on animal reproduction. The bull is considered to be a symptomless carrier that spreads the disease agent to breeding cows, causing infertility and sporadic abortion.
The study aims to estimate the prevalence, identify risk factors of Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) infection and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the C. fetus isolates.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Bull smegma samples (single sample from each bull) were collected from 300 bulls from four farms and tested via culture, biochemical identification and finally 16S rRNA and cdtA gene-based molecular assays (PCR) for herd and animal-level prevalence estimation. Herd- and animal-level data on risk factors were collected from the farmers using a pretested questionnaire and analysed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models with a p value of <0.05 was taken statistically significant for both analyses.
Among the surveyed farms, 75% (95% CI: 19.4%-99.4%) were confirmed to have bulls infected with Campylobacter fetus at herd level. However, animal-level occurrence of C. fetus was estimated to be 8.7% (26/300) (95% CI: 5.7%-12.4%). Natural service increases the odds of campylobacteriosis 38.18 times (95% CI: 13.89-104.94) in comparison to artificial insemination for C. fetus infection in bulls. Significantly, half of the isolates (50%, n = 13) were identified to be multidrug resistant (MDR) for three to five antimicrobial agents.
This study highlights the need to develop official guidelines for C. fetus control and prevention in Bangladesh including mandatory artificial insemination in reproductive cows and heifers, routine screening of breeding bulls for C. fetus free status.
牛生殖道弯曲杆菌病（BGC）是由胎儿弯曲杆菌引起的一种性病，对动物繁殖有负面影响。公牛被认为是无症状携带者，将病原体传播给繁殖母牛，导致不孕和零星流产。
本研究旨在估计胎儿弯曲杆菌（C. fetus）感染的流行率，确定其感染的危险因素，并分析分离株的抗生素耐药模式。
本研究在孟加拉国迈门辛地区进行了一项横断面调查。从四个农场的 300 头公牛中采集单个公牛的精液样本，并通过培养、生化鉴定，最后通过 16S rRNA 和 cdtA 基因的分子检测（PCR）进行群体和个体水平的流行率估计。从农民那里收集有关风险因素的群体和个体水平数据，使用预测试问卷，并通过单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型进行分析，p 值<0.05 被认为在两种分析中均具有统计学意义。
在所调查的农场中，75%（95%置信区间：19.4%-99.4%）的农场被证实群体水平上有公牛感染胎儿弯曲杆菌。然而，个体水平上 C. fetus 的感染率估计为 8.7%（26/300）（95%置信区间：5.7%-12.4%）。与人工授精相比，自然交配使公牛感染弯曲杆菌的几率增加了 38.18 倍（95%置信区间：13.89-104.94）。有意义的是，一半的分离株（50%，n=13）对三种至五种抗生素表现出多药耐药（MDR）。
本研究强调需要制定官方的胎儿弯曲杆菌控制和预防指南，包括在繁殖母牛和小母牛中强制进行人工授精，对繁殖公牛进行常规的胎儿弯曲杆菌无感染状态筛查。
