School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld, Australia.
Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Child Heath Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Pathology. 2022 Dec;54(7):928-934. doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.04.006. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
Rotavirus vaccine performance varies between high and low income countries. One possible explanation is inherited histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) the expression of which differs between populations. HBGAs are polymorphic glycans on mucosal surfaces. Their presence indicates the secretor phenotype, while their absence identifies a non-secretor status. HBGAs can act as rotavirus receptors and might influence live-attenuated rotavirus vaccine virus replication and shedding. Studies in low and middle income countries of the human rotavirus vaccine Rotarix (RV1), suggest HBGA secretor phenotype is important for vaccine immunogenicity. We investigated in a high income country the association between HBGA phenotype (secretor and Lewis) and the bovine-human reassortment vaccine RotaTeq (RV5) vaccine shedding in the stools of infants following each vaccine dose. Eighty-two infants from an Australian birth cohort provided saliva and weekly stool samples after RV5 vaccination doses. Lewis and secretor HBGA phenotyping was identified from saliva samples and confirmed by genotyping. Vaccine virus strains were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. No significant association between secretor status and vaccine virus shedding was identified. The proportion of infants who shed rotavirus following the first RV5 dose for secretor and non-secretor infants was 57/64 (89%) and 17/18 (94%), respectively, decreasing to 24/64 (33%) and 9/18 (50%) after the second dose and 26/64 (42%) and 8/18 (44%) following the third vaccine dose, respectively. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in vaccine virus shedding by Lewis, or combined Lewis and secretor status, after each vaccine dose. We found HBGAs were not associated with RV5 vaccine virus shedding in Australian infants.
轮状病毒疫苗在高收入和低收入国家的效果不同。一个可能的解释是遗传的组织血型抗原（HBGA），其在人群中的表达不同。HBGA 是黏膜表面的多态性聚糖。它们的存在表明分泌表型，而它们的缺失则表明非分泌状态。HBGA 可以作为轮状病毒的受体，并可能影响活减毒轮状病毒疫苗病毒的复制和脱落。在中低收入国家进行的人类轮状病毒疫苗 Rotarix（RV1）研究表明，HBGA 分泌表型对疫苗免疫原性很重要。我们在高收入国家研究了 HBGA 表型（分泌型和 Lewis 型）与牛-人重组疫苗 RotaTeq（RV5）在婴儿每次接种疫苗后粪便中脱落的关系。82 名来自澳大利亚出生队列的婴儿在接种 RV5 疫苗后提供唾液和每周粪便样本。Lewis 和分泌型 HBGA 表型从唾液样本中确定，并通过基因分型确认。通过实时聚合酶链反应检测疫苗病毒株。未发现分泌状态与疫苗病毒脱落之间存在显著相关性。在第一次 RV5 接种后，分泌型和非分泌型婴儿中，有 57/64（89%）和 17/18（94%）的婴儿排出轮状病毒，第二次接种后分别降至 24/64（33%）和 9/18（50%），第三次接种后分别降至 26/64（42%）和 8/18（44%）。同样，在每次接种疫苗后，Lewis 或 Lewis 和分泌型状态也未观察到疫苗病毒脱落的显著差异。我们发现 HBGA 与澳大利亚婴儿的 RV5 疫苗病毒脱落无关。
