Allergy Asthma Proc. 2022 Jul 1;43(4):314-321. doi: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.210112.
Knowledge of patterns of pollen cross-reactivity is crucial for formulation of immunotherapy vaccines. As phylogenetic relationships have become better clarified through the use of tools such as gene sequencing, it is apparent that cross-reactivity reflects taxonomy in the vast majority of cases. Contradictory observations of unexpected cross-reactivity between distantly related plants require explanation. There are many proteins, presumably performing vital functions, tightly preserved throughout the evolutionary tree from plants to animals. Examples are profilins, lipid transfer proteins, and pathogenesis-related proteins. These may function as panallergens. The small differences that exist between these ubiquitous proteins may explain why these are frequently minor allergens, not reacting in the majority of allergic sera. This article summarizes cross-reactivity from older studies using crude pollen extracts as well as newer research of purified or recombinant allergenic proteins. The patterns of cross-allergenicity that emerge should be helpful in guiding therapeutic decisions.
花粉交叉反应模式的知识对于制定免疫治疗疫苗至关重要。随着使用基因测序等工具使系统发育关系得到更好的阐明，很明显，在绝大多数情况下，交叉反应反映了分类学。对于来自远缘植物的意想不到的交叉反应的矛盾观察需要解释。从植物到动物，整个进化树中都有许多蛋白质被严格保存，推测这些蛋白质执行着重要的功能。例如丝状蛋白、脂质转移蛋白和与发病机制相关的蛋白。这些可能是泛过敏原。这些无处不在的蛋白质之间存在的微小差异可能解释了为什么它们通常是次要过敏原，而在大多数过敏血清中不发生反应。本文总结了使用粗花粉提取物的早期研究以及纯化或重组变应原蛋白的最新研究中的交叉反应性。出现的交叉变应原性模式有助于指导治疗决策。
