Weber Richard W
National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Aug;112(2):229-39; quiz 240. doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.1683.
Knowledge of patterns of pollen cross-reactivity is crucial for diagnostics and especially for formulation of immunotherapy vaccines in times of diminishing availability of pollen extract constituents. As phylogenetic relationships have become better clarified, it becomes apparent that cross-reactivity does reflect taxonomy in the very great majority of cases. Contradictory observations of unexpected cross-reactivity between unrelated plants, sometimes remarkably distant ones, require explanation. There are many proteins, presumably performing vital functions, that are tightly preserved throughout the evolutionary tree from plants to animals, such as profilins, lipid transfer proteins, and pathogenesis-related proteins. These might function as panallergens. The small differences that exist between these ubiquitous proteins explain why these are frequently minor allergens not reacting in the majority of allergic sera. This review summarizes cross-reactivity studies with both crude pollen extracts and purified or recombinant allergenic proteins. The patterns of cross-allergenicity that emerge should be helpful in guiding both diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
了解花粉交叉反应模式对于诊断至关重要，尤其是在花粉提取物成分供应日益减少的情况下，对于制定免疫治疗疫苗更是如此。随着系统发育关系得到更好的阐明，很明显在绝大多数情况下交叉反应确实反映了分类学。对于不相关植物（有时是亲缘关系非常远的植物）之间意外交叉反应的矛盾观察结果需要作出解释。有许多可能执行重要功能的蛋白质，从植物到动物在整个进化树中都被严格保留，例如肌动蛋白结合蛋白、脂质转移蛋白和病程相关蛋白。这些可能充当泛过敏原。这些普遍存在的蛋白质之间存在的微小差异解释了为什么它们通常是在大多数过敏血清中不发生反应的次要过敏原。本综述总结了对粗花粉提取物以及纯化或重组变应原蛋白的交叉反应研究。所呈现的交叉变应原性模式应有助于指导诊断和治疗决策。
