Hu Yaozhong, Wang Yi, Lin Jing, Wu Sihao, Muyldermans Serge, Wang Shuo
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Jul 27;70(29):8901-8912. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03324. Epub 2022 Jul 12.
The unique characteristics of camelid heavy-chain only antibody (HCAb) derived nanobodies (Nbs) have facilitated their employment as tools for research and application in extensive fields including food safety inspection, diagnosis and therapy of diseases, etc., to develop immune detecting techniques or alternative candidates of conventional antibodies as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. The wide application in the fields of food allergen inspection and immunotherapy has not been addressed as not much results published in the literature. The robust properties and straightforward selecting strategy of Nbs impel the advantageous employment compared with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to establish immunoassay and serve as blocking antibodies to compete immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding epitopes on food allergens. More and more efforts have been invested to develop specific Nbs against food allergen proteins, such as macadamia allergen of Mac i 1, peanut allergen of Ara h 3, and lupine allergen of Lup an 1, which demonstrated the potential of Nbs for research and application in food allergen surveillance. Meanwhile, the paratopes of Nbs preferably targeting the unique epitopes of food allergens can provide more possibilities to serve as blocking antibodies to shield IgE binding epitopes for food allergy immunotherapy. Regardless, the research and application of Nbs in the field of food allergen and allergic reactions are expected to attract dramatic focus and produce promising research outputs.
骆驼科动物仅重链抗体（HCAb）衍生的纳米抗体（Nb）的独特特性，促进了它们作为研究工具的应用，并在食品安全检测、疾病诊断与治疗等广泛领域得以应用，以开发免疫检测技术，或作为诊断和治疗试剂替代传统抗体。由于文献中发表的成果不多，纳米抗体在食品过敏原检测和免疫治疗领域的广泛应用尚未得到充分探讨。与单克隆抗体（mAb）相比，纳米抗体强大的特性和直接的筛选策略促使其在建立免疫测定方面具有优势，并可作为封闭抗体来竞争食物过敏原上的免疫球蛋白E（IgE）结合表位。越来越多的研究致力于开发针对食物过敏原蛋白的特异性纳米抗体，如澳洲坚果过敏原Mac i 1、花生过敏原Ara h 3和羽扇豆过敏原Lup an 1，这证明了纳米抗体在食物过敏原监测研究和应用中的潜力。同时，纳米抗体的互补决定区（CDR）优先靶向食物过敏原的独特表位，这为作为封闭抗体屏蔽IgE结合表位用于食物过敏免疫治疗提供了更多可能性。无论如何，纳米抗体在食物过敏原和过敏反应领域的研究与应用有望引起极大关注，并产生有前景的研究成果。
