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英格兰南部韦尔登超群的一种暴龙类兽脚亚目恐龙的骨骼学和亲缘关系。

The osteology and affinities of , a tyrannosauroid theropod from the Wealden Supergroup of southern England.

机构信息

School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Independent, Parma, Italy.

出版信息

PeerJ. 2022 Jul 7;10:e12727. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12727. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Hutt et al., 2001 from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation (part of the Wealden Supergroup) of the Isle of Wight, southern England, is described in detail, compared with other theropods, and evaluated in a new phylogenetic analysis. is represented by a single individual that would have been c. 4.5 m long; it preserves the anterior part of the skull, a partial forelimb and pectoral girdle, various cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, rib fragments, part of the ilium, and hindlimb elements excluding the femur. Lack of fusion with regard to both neurocentral and sacral sutures indicates subadult status. possesses thickened, fused, pneumatic nasals with deep lateral recesses, elongate, tridactyl forelimbs and a tyrannosaurid-like scapulocoracoid. The short preantorbital ramus of the maxilla and nasals that are approximately seven times longer than they are wide show that was not longirostrine. A posterodorsally inclined ridge on the ilium's lateral surface fails to reach the dorsal margin: a configuration seen elsewhere in . is not arctometatarsalian. Autapomorphies include the presence of curving furrows on the dentary, a block-like humeral entepicondyle, and a distoproximally aligned channel close to the distolateral border of the tibia. Within Tyrannosauroidea, is phylogenetically intermediate between Proceratosauridae and and the clade that includes , Megaraptora, and Tyrannosauridae. We do not find support for a close affinity between and . Our analysis supports the inclusion of Megaraptora within Tyrannosauroidea and thus increases Cretaceous tyrannosauroid diversity and disparity. A proposal that might belong within Megaraptora, however, is based on character states not present in the taxon. Several theropods from the Wessex Formation are based on material that overlaps with the holotype but none can be shown to be synonymous with it.

摘要

赫特等人(2001 年)描述了来自英格兰南部怀特岛下白垩统威塞克斯组(韦尔登超群的一部分)的标本,详细比较了其他兽脚亚目恐龙,并在新的系统发育分析中进行了评估。标本由一个个体组成,体长约 4.5 米;它保存了头骨的前部、部分前肢和胸带、各种颈椎、背椎和尾椎、肋骨碎片、部分髂骨以及后肢除股骨以外的部分。神经中枢和荐骨缝合线均未融合,表明该标本属于亚成体。标本具有增厚、融合的、具深侧凹的气囊化鼻骨,肢骨细长,具三指,肩胛骨和肩带类似于暴龙超科。前颌骨的前眶突短,鼻骨的长度约为宽度的七倍,表明标本不具有长吻部。髂骨外侧表面的后上倾斜脊未延伸到背缘:这种结构在其他标本中也有出现。标本不属于Arctometatarsalia。独特特征包括齿骨上弯曲的凹槽、块状的肱骨内上髁和靠近胫骨远侧缘的近远侧排列的通道。在暴龙超科中,标本在亲缘关系上处于始盗龙科和(阿尔伯塔龙和蛇发女怪龙)之间,并且与包括玛君龙、南方巨兽龙和暴龙科在内的支系关系较近。我们没有发现与标本密切相关的证据。我们的分析支持将南方巨兽龙归入暴龙超科,从而增加了白垩纪暴龙类的多样性和差异。然而,关于标本可能属于南方巨兽龙的提议是基于该类群中不存在的特征状态。来自威塞克斯组的几种兽脚亚目恐龙的材料与正型标本重叠,但没有一种可以被证明与正型标本相同。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78b4/9271276/a30eb0554372/peerj-10-12727-g001.jpg

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