Kellermann Maximilian, Cuesta Elena, Rauhut Oliver W M
Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany.
Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Sektion Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 14;20(1):e0311096. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311096. eCollection 2025.
The first partial skeleton of a carcharodontosaurid theropod was described from the Egyptian Bahariya Oasis by Ernst Stromer in 1931. Stromer referred the specimen to the species Megalosaurus saharicus, originally described on the basis of isolated teeth from slightly older rocks in Algeria, under the new genus name Carcharodontosaurus saharicus. Unfortunately, almost all of the material from the Bahariya Oasis, including the specimen of Carcharodontosaurus was destroyed during World War II. In 1996, a relatively complete carcharodontosaurid cranium was described from similar aged rocks in Morocco and designated the neotype of the species Carcharodontosaurus saharicus in 2007. However, due to the destruction of the original material, comparisons of the neotype to the Egyptian fossils have so far only been done cursorily. A detailed reexamination of the available information on the Egyptian carcharodontosaurid, including a previously undescribed photograph of the exhibited specimen, reveals that it differs from the Moroccan neotype in numerous characters, such as the development of the emargination of the antorbital fossa on the nasals, the presence of a horn-like rugosity on the nasal, the lack of a dorsoventral expansion of the lacrimal contact on the frontals, and the relative enlargement of the cerebrum. The referability of the Egyptian specimen to the Algerian M. saharicus is found to be questionable, and the neotype designation of the Moroccan material for C. saharicus is accepted here under consideration of ICZN Atricle 75, as it both compares more favorably to M. saharicus and originates from a locality closer to the type locality. A new genus and species, Tameryraptor markgrafi gen. et sp. nov, is proposed for the Egyptian taxon. The theropods of the Bahariya Oasis and the Moroccan Kem Kem Group are thus not as closely related as previously thought, and the proposed faunal similarities between these two strata need further examination.
1931年，恩斯特·施特罗默（Ernst Stromer）从埃及拜哈里耶绿洲描述了第一具鲨齿龙科兽脚亚目恐龙的部分骨骼。施特罗默将该标本归入撒哈猛龙（Megalosaurus saharicus）物种，该物种最初是根据阿尔及利亚稍古老岩石中的孤立牙齿描述的，并赋予了新的属名——撒哈拉鲨齿龙（Carcharodontosaurus saharicus）。不幸的是，拜哈里耶绿洲的几乎所有材料，包括鲨齿龙的标本，都在第二次世界大战期间被摧毁。1996年，在摩洛哥类似年代的岩石中描述了一个相对完整的鲨齿龙科头骨，并于2007年指定为撒哈拉鲨齿龙物种的新模式标本。然而，由于原始材料的破坏，到目前为止，新模式标本与埃及化石的比较只是粗略进行的。对埃及鲨齿龙科现有信息的详细重新审视，包括一张展出标本的此前未描述过的照片，揭示出它在许多特征上与摩洛哥新模式标本不同，比如鼻骨上眶前窝凹陷的发育情况、鼻骨上是否存在角状皱纹、额骨上泪骨接触处缺乏背腹向扩展以及大脑相对增大。埃及标本归入阿尔及利亚的撒哈猛龙是否合适值得怀疑，考虑到国际动物命名委员会第75条，这里接受将摩洛哥材料指定为撒哈拉鲨齿龙的新模式标本，因为它与撒哈猛龙的比较更具优势，且产地更靠近模式产地。为埃及分类单元提出了一个新属新种——马克格拉夫塔梅拉猎龙（Tameryraptor markgrafi gen. et sp. nov）。因此，拜哈里耶绿洲的兽脚亚目恐龙与摩洛哥凯姆凯姆组的兽脚亚目恐龙的亲缘关系并不像之前认为的那么密切，这两个地层之间所提出的动物群相似性需要进一步研究。
