Callender Lauren A, Carroll Elizabeth C, Garrod-Ketchley Conor, Schroth Johannes, Bystrom Jonas, Berryman Victoria, Pattrick Melanie, Campbell-Richards Desiree, Hood Gillian A, Hitman Graham A, Finer Sarah, Henson Sian M
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Front Aging. 2021 Aug 13;2:681428. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2021.681428. eCollection 2021.
Mitochondrial health and cellular metabolism can heavily influence the onset of senescence in T cells. CD8 EMRA T cells exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations to oxidative phosphorylation, however, the metabolic properties of senescent CD8 T cells from people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not known. We show here that mitochondria from T2D CD8 T cells had a higher oxidative capacity together with increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxgen species (mtROS), compared to age-matched control cells. While fatty acid uptake was increased, fatty acid oxidation was impaired in T2D CD8 EMRA T cells, which also showed an accumulation of lipid droplets and decreased AMPK activity. Increasing glucose and fatty acids in healthy CD8 T cells resulted in increased p-p53 expression and a fragmented mitochondrial morphology, similar to that observed in T2D CD8 EMRA T cells. The resulting mitochondrial changes are likely to have a profound effect on T cell function. Consequently, a better understanding of these metabolic abnormalities is crucial as metabolic manipulation of these cells may restore correct T cell function and help reduce the impact of T cell dysfunction in T2D.
线粒体健康和细胞代谢会严重影响T细胞衰老的发生。CD8 EMRA T细胞表现出线粒体功能障碍和氧化磷酸化改变,然而,2型糖尿病(T2D)患者衰老CD8 T细胞的代谢特性尚不清楚。我们在此表明,与年龄匹配的对照细胞相比,T2D CD8 T细胞的线粒体具有更高的氧化能力以及线粒体活性氧(mtROS)水平升高。虽然脂肪酸摄取增加,但T2D CD8 EMRA T细胞中的脂肪酸氧化受损,这些细胞还表现出脂滴积累和AMPK活性降低。在健康CD8 T细胞中增加葡萄糖和脂肪酸会导致p-p53表达增加和线粒体形态碎片化,类似于在T2D CD8 EMRA T细胞中观察到的情况。由此产生的线粒体变化可能对T细胞功能产生深远影响。因此,更好地理解这些代谢异常至关重要,因为对这些细胞进行代谢调控可能恢复正确的T细胞功能,并有助于减少T细胞功能障碍在T2D中的影响。