Thomas D J, Fisher H L, Sumler M R, Mushak P, Hall L L
Environ Res. 1987 Jun;43(1):203-16. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(87)80072-5.
Adult male and female Long Evans rats received 1 mumole of methyl (203Hg) mercuric chloride per kilogram sc. Whole-body retention of mercury and excretion of organic and inorganic mercury in urine and feces were monitored for 98 days after dosing. Females cleared mercury from the body more rapidly than did males. The major route of mercury excretion was feces. By 98 days after dosing, cumulative mercury excretion in feces accounted for about 51% of the dose in males and about 54% of the dose in females. For both sexes, about 33% of the dose was excreted in feces as inorganic mercury. Cumulative excretion of organic mercury in feces accounted for about 18 and 21% of the dose in males and females, respectively. Urinary excretion of mercury was quantitatively a smaller route for mercury clearance but important sexual differences in loss by this route were found. Over the 98-day experimental period, males excreted in urine about 3.2% of the dose and females excreted 7.5%. Cumulative organic Hg excretion in urine accounted for 1.8% of the dose in males and 5.3% of the dose in females. These sexual differences in urinary and fecal excretion of organic and inorganic mercury following methyl mercury treatment were consistent with previous reports of sexual differences in mercury distribution and retention in methyl mercury-treated rats, particularly sexual differences in organic mercury uptake and retention in the kidney. Relationships between body burdens of organic or inorganic Hg and output of these forms of Hg in urine and feces were also found to be influenced by the interval after MeHg treatment and by sex. Relationship between concentration of Hg in liver and feces and in kidney and urine differed for organic and inorganic Hg and depended upon sexual status and interval after MeHg treatment. These findings emphasize that sexual differences in distribution, retention, and metabolism of methyl mercury are factors to be considered in estimations of hazards associated with exposure to this agent.
成年雄性和雌性长 Evans 大鼠经皮下注射每千克体重 1 微摩尔的甲基（203Hg）氯化汞。给药后 98 天监测汞在全身的潴留情况以及尿液和粪便中有机汞和无机汞的排泄情况。雌性大鼠清除体内汞的速度比雄性大鼠快。汞排泄的主要途径是粪便。给药后 98 天，粪便中汞的累积排泄量在雄性大鼠中约占给药剂量的 51%，在雌性大鼠中约占给药剂量的 54%。对于两性而言，约 33%的给药剂量以无机汞的形式经粪便排泄。粪便中有机汞的累积排泄量在雄性和雌性大鼠中分别约占给药剂量的 18%和 21%。尿液排泄汞在汞清除方面在数量上是一条较小的途径，但发现该途径存在重要的性别差异。在 98 天的实验期内，雄性大鼠经尿液排泄约 3.2%的给药剂量，雌性大鼠排泄 7.5%。尿液中有机汞的累积排泄量在雄性大鼠中占给药剂量的 1.8%，在雌性大鼠中占给药剂量的 5.3%。甲基汞处理后有机汞和无机汞在尿液和粪便排泄方面的这些性别差异与先前关于甲基汞处理大鼠中汞分布和潴留的性别差异报道一致，特别是肾脏中有机汞摄取和潴留的性别差异。还发现有机汞或无机汞的体内负荷与这些汞形式在尿液和粪便中的排出量之间的关系受甲基汞处理后的时间间隔和性别的影响。肝脏和粪便中汞浓度以及肾脏和尿液中汞浓度之间的关系因有机汞和无机汞而异，并取决于性别状态和甲基汞处理后的时间间隔。这些发现强调，甲基汞在分布、潴留和代谢方面的性别差异是评估与接触该物质相关危害时需要考虑的因素。
