Islamic Azad University, College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, Varamin, Iran.
Department of Plant Diseases Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
Braz J Biol. 2022 Jul 11;84:e262480. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.262480. eCollection 2022.
Previous domestic and foreign studies have shown the significant effect of Talaromyces flavus on growth inhibition of some important plant pathogens including Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. In Iran, it is necessary to produce new formulations of this fungus based on modern technologies given the importance of attracting companies producing biological control agents and transferring the technical knowledge of mass production of formulations of these agents to them. In the present study, based on the method presented in the Pesticide Research Department of the Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, two types of T. flavus formulations in the form of nano-capsules containing Talaromyces flavus with two forms of powder and suspension were prepared using nanotechnology. In the next step, during the greenhouse examination, the efficiency of each of these new formulations in concentrations of one to five per thousand for soil addition method and concentration of five per thousand for seed impregnation method (six treatments for each of the two new formulations) was compared with the registered formulation of Talaromin in two methods of seed impregnation and soil addition with healthy control and infected control to control cotton Verticillium wilt disease, in the form of a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and 5 replications. After statistical analysis of the data obtained by Duncan's Multiple Range Test by MS TAT C software, the results showed that in terms of disease severity among treatments with the previous formulation (Talaromin) with each of the methods of soil addition and seed impregnation, there was no statistically significant difference between nano-suspension with each of the concentrations of one, four and five per thousand by the soil addition method and nano-powder with each of the concentrations of two and three per thousand by soil addition method, and the mentioned treatments were included in one statistical group in terms of disease severity with healthy control.
先前的国内外研究表明，土曲霉对一些重要植物病原菌的生长抑制具有显著效果，包括黄萎轮枝菌、番茄枯萎病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌。在伊朗，基于现代技术生产这种真菌的新配方是必要的，因为这对于吸引生产生物防治剂的公司很重要，并将这些制剂大规模生产技术知识转移给他们。在本研究中，根据伊朗植物保护研究所农药研究部提出的方法，使用纳米技术制备了两种以纳米胶囊形式包含土曲霉的土曲霉制剂，有粉末和悬浮两种形式。在下一步，在温室试验中，通过土壤添加法以千分之一的浓度一至五浓度和种子浸渍法以千分之五的浓度（两种新制剂各有六个处理），比较了这两种新制剂在防治棉花黄萎病中的效率，与塔尔阿莫林注册制剂相比，采用种子浸渍和土壤添加两种方法，设有健康对照和感染对照，随机完全区组设计，共 16 个处理和 5 次重复。在使用 MS TAT C 软件对邓肯多重范围检验获得的数据进行统计分析后，结果表明，在以前的制剂（塔尔阿莫林）的每个土壤添加和种子浸渍方法的处理中，就病害严重度而言，纳米悬浮液与土壤添加法的千分之一、四分之一和五分之一的每个浓度之间，以及纳米粉末与土壤添加法的千分之二和三的每个浓度之间均无统计学差异，这些处理在健康对照的病害严重度方面被归入一个统计组。
