Khaksar Gholamreza, Sirijan Mongkon, Suntichaikamolkul Nithiwat, Sirikantaramas Supaart
Center of Excellence for Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 27;13:938480. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938480. eCollection 2022.
Agriculture has been considered as a fundamental industry for human survival since ancient times. Local and traditional agriculture are based on circular sustainability models, which produce practically no waste. However, owing to population growth and current market demands, modern agriculture is based on linear and large-scale production systems, generating tons of organic agricultural waste (OAW), such as rejected or inedible plant tissues (shells, peels, stalks, etc.). Generally, this waste accumulates in landfills and creates negative environmental impacts. The plant kingdom is rich in metabolic diversity, harboring over 200,000 structurally distinct metabolites that are naturally present in plants. Hence, OAW is considered to be a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds and secondary metabolites that exert a wide range of health benefits. Accordingly, OAW can be used as extraction material for the discovery and recovery of novel functional compounds that can be reinserted into the production system. This approach would alleviate the undesired environmental impacts of OAW accumulation in landfills, while providing added value to food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical products and introducing a circular economic model in the modern agricultural industry. In this regard, metabolomics-based approaches have gained increasing interest in the agri-food sector for a variety of applications, including the rediscovery of bioactive compounds, owing to advances in analytical instrumentation and data analytics platforms. This mini review summarizes the major aspects regarding the identification of novel bioactive compounds from agricultural waste, focusing on metabolomics as the main tool.
自古以来，农业就被视为人类生存的基础产业。地方和传统农业基于循环可持续发展模式，几乎不产生废物。然而，由于人口增长和当前的市场需求，现代农业基于线性和大规模生产系统，产生了大量的有机农业废弃物（OAW），如被拒收或不可食用的植物组织（壳、皮、茎等）。一般来说，这些废弃物堆积在垃圾填埋场，对环境产生负面影响。植物界代谢多样性丰富，含有超过20万种结构各异的天然存在于植物中的代谢物。因此，有机农业废弃物被认为是生物活性化合物的丰富来源，包括具有广泛健康益处的酚类化合物和次生代谢物。相应地，有机农业废弃物可用作提取材料，用于发现和回收可重新引入生产系统的新型功能化合物。这种方法将减轻有机农业废弃物在垃圾填埋场堆积所带来的不良环境影响，同时为食品、制药、化妆品和营养保健品增加附加值，并在现代农业产业中引入循环经济模式。在这方面，由于分析仪器和数据分析平台的进步，基于代谢组学的方法在农业食品领域的各种应用中越来越受到关注，包括生物活性化合物的重新发现。本综述总结了从农业废弃物中鉴定新型生物活性化合物的主要方面，重点介绍代谢组学作为主要工具。
