Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología QUIBIO, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 No 62-00, Cali 760035, Colombia.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 19;26(2):515. doi: 10.3390/molecules26020515.
The food sector includes several large industries such as canned food, pasta, flour, frozen products, and beverages. Those industries transform agricultural raw materials into added-value products. The fruit and vegetable industry is the largest and fastest-growing segment of the world agricultural production market, which commercialize various products such as juices, jams, and dehydrated products, followed by the cereal industry products such as chocolate, beer, and vegetable oils are produced. Similarly, the root and tuber industry produces flours and starches essential for the daily diet due to their high carbohydrate content. However, the processing of these foods generates a large amount of waste several times improperly disposed of in landfills. Due to the increase in the world's population, the indiscriminate use of natural resources generates waste and food supply limitations due to the scarcity of resources, increasing hunger worldwide. The circular economy offers various tools for raising awareness for the recovery of waste, one of the best alternatives to mitigate the excessive consumption of raw materials and reduce waste. The loss and waste of food as a raw material offers bioactive compounds, enzymes, and nutrients that add value to the food cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This paper systematically reviewed literature with different food loss and waste by-products as animal feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products that strongly contribute to the paradigm shift to a circular economy. Additionally, this review compiles studies related to the integral recovery of by-products from the processing of fruits, vegetables, tubers, cereals, and legumes from the food industry, with the potential in SARS-CoV-2 disease and bacterial diseases treatment.
食品行业包括几个大型产业，如罐头食品、面食、面粉、冷冻产品和饮料。这些行业将农业原材料转化为高附加值产品。水果和蔬菜行业是世界农产品市场中最大和增长最快的部分，其商业化的产品种类繁多，包括果汁、果酱和脱水产品，其次是谷物行业的产品，如巧克力、啤酒和植物油。同样，根茎类行业生产的面粉和淀粉由于其高碳水化合物含量，是日常饮食所必需的。然而，这些食品的加工会产生大量的废物，如果处理不当，多次被倾倒在垃圾填埋场中。由于世界人口的增加，自然资源的滥用导致了废物的产生和粮食供应的限制，因为资源的稀缺性增加了全球的饥饿。循环经济提供了各种工具来提高对废物回收的认识，是减轻原材料过度消耗和减少废物的最佳选择之一。作为原材料的食物损失和浪费提供了具有生物活性的化合物、酶和营养物质，为食品化妆品和制药行业增加了价值。本文系统地综述了不同食物损失和浪费的文献，这些文献涉及作为动物饲料、化妆品和制药产品的副产品，这些产品为向循环经济范式转变做出了重要贡献。此外，这篇综述还汇集了与水果、蔬菜、根茎、谷物和豆类等食品加工业中副产品的综合回收相关的研究，这些研究对 SARS-CoV-2 疾病和细菌疾病的治疗具有潜在应用价值。
