坦桑尼亚东南部一个流行地区学龄儿童泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病的患病率、认知、行为及对大规模药物治疗的依从性
Urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence, knowledge, practices and compliance to MDA among school-age children in an endemic district, southern East Tanzania.
作者信息
Nazareth Lilian C, Lupenza Eliza T, Zacharia Abdallah, Ngasala Billy E
机构信息
Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Box 65011, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
出版信息
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2022 Jul 2;18:e00257. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00257. eCollection 2022 Aug.
BACKGROUND
Tanzania has a high prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis. Praziquantel is administered to school-age children on an annual basis as part of efforts to reduce transmission and morbidity associated with heavy infections. We investigated the prevalence, knowledge, and practices of urogenital schistosomiasis transmission, as well as compliance with mass drug administration (MDA) among schoolchildren in Masasi District.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five primary schools. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and practice related to the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis, as well as compliance with MDA. Collected urine samples were examined macroscopically for macrohematuria. They were then tested for microhematuria and () eggs with urine dipsticks and filtration technique, respectively.
FINDINGS
The study included 389 primary school children in total. Overall, 27 (6.9%) of children had infection, and 37 (9.5%) had microhematuria. The mean (SD) intensity was 123.4 (247.4) eggs per 10 ml of urine. A total of 10 (2.6%) had heavy intensity of infection. The majority (94.9%) reported having complied to the previous round of MDA six months prior to this study, and 308 (79.2%) were aware that water contact is associated with an increased risk of urogenital schistosomiasis infection. Nevertheless, 182 (46.8%) of the participants engaged in swimming activities, with 92 (50.9%) of the participants being female. The prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was higher (10.9%) among children who participated in swimming activities versus those who did not (3.4%) ( = 0.003).
CONCLUSION
Despite high MDA compliance, urogenital schistosomiasis is still prevalent among primary school children in Masasi District. Children who swim in freshwater bodies such as rivers and ponds are more likely to contract urogenital schistosomiasis.
背景
坦桑尼亚泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病的患病率很高。作为减少与重度感染相关的传播和发病率的努力的一部分，吡喹酮每年给学龄儿童服用。我们调查了马萨西区学龄儿童泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病传播的患病率、知识和行为，以及对大规模药物管理（MDA）的依从性。
材料与方法
在五所小学进行了一项横断面调查。使用预先测试的问卷来评估与泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病传播相关的知识和行为，以及对MDA的依从性。收集的尿液样本进行肉眼检查以查看是否有肉眼血尿。然后分别用尿试纸条和过滤技术检测是否有镜下血尿和（）虫卵。
研究结果
该研究共纳入389名小学生。总体而言，27名（6.9%）儿童感染了（），37名（9.5%）有镜下血尿。平均（标准差）感染强度为每10毫升尿液123.4（247.4）个虫卵。共有10名（2.6%）感染强度高。大多数（94.9%）报告在本研究前六个月遵守了上一轮MDA，308名（79.2%）知道接触水会增加泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病感染的风险。然而，182名（46.8%）参与者参加了游泳活动，其中92名（50.9%）是女性。参加游泳活动的儿童中泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病的患病率（10.9%）高于未参加游泳活动的儿童（3.4%）（=0.003）。
结论
尽管对MDA的依从性很高，但泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病在马萨西区的小学生中仍然很普遍。在河流和池塘等淡水体中游泳的儿童更容易感染泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病。
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