Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France.; Instituto de Ecología, Unidad de Calidad Ambiental (UCA), Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, casilla 3161, La Paz, Bolivia..
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France.; Laboratorio de Hidroquímica - Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas - Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Campus Universitario de Cota-Cota, casilla 3161, La Paz, Bolivia.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 1;845:157286. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157286. Epub 2022 Jul 12.
Cultural eutrophication is the leading cause of water quality degradation worldwide. The traditional monitoring of eutrophication is time-consuming and not integrative in space and time. Here, we examined the use of carbon (δC) and nitrogen (δN) isotopic composition to track the degree of eutrophication in a bay of Lake Titicaca impacted by anthropogenic (urban, industrial and agricultural wastewater) discharges. Our results show increasing δC and decreasing δN signatures in macrophytes and suspended particulate matter with distance to the wastewater source. In contrast to δN and δC signatures, in-between aquatic plants distributed along the slope were not only affected by anthropogenic discharges but also by the pathway of carbon uptake, i.e., atmospheric (emerged) vs aquatic (submerged). A binary mixing model elaborated from pristine and anthropogenic isotope end-members allowed the assessment of anthropogenically derived C and N incorporation in macrophytes with distance to the source. Higher anthropogenic contribution was observed during the wet season, attributed to enhanced wastewater discharges and leaching of agricultural areas. For both seasons, eutrophication was however found naturally attenuated within 6 to 8 km from the wastewater source. Here, we confirm that carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes are simple, integrative and time-saving tools to evaluate the degree of eutrophication (seasonally or annually) in anthropogenically impacted aquatic ecosystems.
文化富营养化是全球水质恶化的主要原因。传统的富营养化监测既费时又不能在时空上进行综合分析。在这里，我们研究了利用碳（δC）和氮（δN）同位素组成来追踪受人为（城市、工业和农业废水）排放影响的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的，的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的，的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的的，的的的的的的的，它的额定电压为 220V,250V,380V,420V,660V 和 1000V。根据您提供的信息，你需要一个可以承受 220V 的电压的灯泡，所以，根据 P=U*I 公式，I=P/U 可知，功率为 200W 的灯泡需要的电流为：I=P/U=200/220=0.909A。 因此，您可以选择电流为 0.909A 的灯泡。
