Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
BMJ Open. 2022 Jul 14;12(7):e065592. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065592.
Zika virus (ZIKV) can be sexually transmitted, and ZIKV infection during pregnancy can cause birth defects. Contraception is a medical countermeasure to reduce unintended pregnancy and ZIKV-associated birth defects. We estimated the prevalence of condom use and associated factors among women at risk for unintended pregnancy in Puerto Rico during the 2016 ZIKV outbreak.
Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional, population-based, cell-phone survey.
Women, 18-49 years, living in Puerto Rico during July-November 2016. We limited our analytical sample (n=1840) to women at risk for unintended pregnancy, defined as those who were sexually active with a man in the last 3 months and did not report menopause, hysterectomy, current pregnancy or desiring pregnancy.
We estimated the weighted prevalence of any condom use among women at risk for unintended pregnancy. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to examine the association between condom use and ZIKV-related factors, stratified by use of more effective versus less effective or no contraception.
Overall, 32.7% (95% CI: 30.2% to 35.1%) of women reported any condom use in the last 3 months. Among women using more effective contraception, condom use was higher for women who received ZIKV counselling (aPR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.25) and those worried about having a child with a ZIKV-associated birth defect (aPR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.10). Among women using less effective or no contraception, condom use was associated with being worried (aPR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.43) compared with those not worried about ZIKV infection or with a previous known infection.
During the 2016 ZIKV outbreak, one in three women at risk for unintended pregnancy reported any condom use. Counselling to promote consistent and correct condom use may address concerns regarding ZIKV among women of reproductive age, which may differ by use of effective contraception.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）可通过性传播，孕妇感染寨卡病毒可导致出生缺陷。避孕是减少意外怀孕和寨卡病毒相关出生缺陷的一种医疗对策。我们估计了 2016 年寨卡病毒流行期间波多黎各意外怀孕风险女性的 condom 使用率及其相关因素。
基于人群的横断面、手机调查的二次分析。
2016 年 7 月至 11 月期间居住在波多黎各的 18-49 岁女性。我们将分析样本（n=1840）限定为有意外怀孕风险的女性，定义为过去 3 个月内与男性发生性行为且未报告绝经、子宫切除术、当前怀孕或希望怀孕的女性。
在有意外怀孕风险的女性中，报告在过去 3 个月内任何时候使用 condom 的比例为 32.7%（95%CI：30.2% 至 35.1%）。在使用更有效的避孕方法的女性中，接受过寨卡病毒咨询（aPR：1.61，95%CI：1.15 至 2.25）和担心孩子有寨卡病毒相关出生缺陷（aPR：1.47，95%CI：1.03 至 2.10）的女性 condom 使用率更高。在使用效果较差或不使用避孕方法的女性中，与不担心寨卡病毒感染或以前已知感染的女性相比，担心（aPR：1.20，95%CI：1.01 至 1.43）的女性 condom 使用率更高。
在 2016 年寨卡病毒流行期间，有三分之一有意外怀孕风险的女性报告了任何 condom 的使用。针对女性生殖年龄的寨卡病毒的咨询和教育可能会解决她们对寨卡病毒的担忧，这可能因有效避孕方法的使用而异。
