Graduate College of Physiopathology and Animal Health, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
Graduate College of Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 28;10:854468. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854468. eCollection 2022.
Toxocariasis, a neglected parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution, has been reportedly associated to different risk factors in several epidemiological and meta-analysis studies. However, dog and cat contact (environmental and animal exposure) as isolated associated risk factor for children and adults remains to be fully established. Accordingly, the present meta-analysis has aimed to directly assess dog and cat contact for toxocariasis seropositivity in under-18 and adult persons, using a survey strategy of PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus and Scielo Databases, from January 2009 to December 2021. A meta-analysis model of random effects was applied to estimate (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by the Cochran Q-Test and values. A total of 41 transversal studies ( = 20.515 individuals) from different geographic regions (classified by the World Health Organization) were included herein. In overall, 1,882/13,496 (13.95%; 95% IC = 13.4-14.5) youngers and 513/7.019 (7.3%; 95% CI = 6.7-7.9) adults in contact with dogs or cats were serologically reagent for anti- antibodies. Association of dog and cat contact was observed only in youngers, with both dogs (OR = 1.53; < 0.0001) and cats (OR = 1.64; = 0.0001). In addition, association of dog and contact and serology was statistically significant in populations of Americas (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.1-1.7), Middle East (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.6-5.1) and West Pacific (OR = 1.6; 95% IC = 1.3-1.9). In conclusion, contact with dogs and cats, particularly by younger individuals and in regions such as Americas, Middle East, and West Pacific, should be always a public health concern for toxocariasis. Moreover, dogs and cats should be periodically dewormed, washed and hair cleaned prior to contact with youngers. Finally, robust statistical results herein may serve as basis for future strategies and preventive measures for safer dog and cat contact.
旋毛虫病是一种被忽视的全球性寄生虫性动物传染病，据报道，它与多种不同的危险因素有关。然而，狗和猫的接触（环境和动物暴露）作为儿童和成人的孤立相关危险因素尚未完全确定。因此，本荟萃分析旨在通过 2009 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月间对 PubMed/Medline、Embase、Scopus 和 Scielo 数据库的调查策略，直接评估狗和猫的接触与 18 岁以下和成年人的旋毛虫病血清阳性率之间的关系。应用随机效应荟萃分析模型估计比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。采用 Cochran Q 检验和 I 2 值评估统计异质性。本研究共纳入来自不同地理区域（世界卫生组织分类）的 41 项横断面研究（=20515 人）。总体而言，接触狗或猫的年轻人中有 1882/13496（13.95%；95%CI=13.4-14.5）人，成年人中有 513/7019（7.3%；95%CI=6.7-7.9）人血清学检测抗-抗体呈阳性。仅在年轻人中观察到狗和猫接触与接触之间存在关联，狗（OR=1.53；<0.0001）和猫（OR=1.64；=0.0001）均如此。此外，在美洲（OR=1.37；95%CI=1.1-1.7）、中东（OR=2.9；95%CI=1.6-5.1）和西太平洋（OR=1.6；95%CI=1.3-1.9）的人群中，狗和接触与血清学之间的关联具有统计学意义。结论：与狗和猫接触，特别是与年轻人和美洲、中东和西太平洋等地区的年轻人接触，应始终是旋毛虫病的公共卫生关注点。此外，在与年轻人接触之前，应定期对狗和猫进行驱虫、洗澡和毛发清洁。最后，本研究中强有力的统计结果可为未来更安全的狗和猫接触的策略和预防措施提供依据。
