Ebrahimipour Mohammad, Parsa Hamid, Kianifard Nazanin, Nasibi Saeid, Rostami Ali
Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2024 Apr 23;25:e00351. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00351. eCollection 2024 May.
Human toxocariasis (HT) is a widespread zoonotic infection globally, notably prevalent in tropical areas. Enhancing our understanding of toxocariasis can lead to increased attention towards the socioeconomic impact and control of this neglected zoonosis. We conducted a comprehensive review of all available articles and official documents on toxocariasis in Iran to identify research gaps and critical needs for its control. This review highlights that despite numerous studies exploring various aspects of toxocariasis in definitive and paratenic hosts, as well as humans and environmental contamination, significant data deficiencies and gaps persist across different regions in the country. These gaps involve investigating the worm burden and reinfection rates in definitive hosts, developing more sensitive methods to detect and differentiate of species, and understanding the behavior of definitive host animals. Additionally, identifying potential paratenic hosts for HT and exploring the organ-specific affinity and survival duration of larvae within these hosts are essential areas for exploration. It's also imperative to comprehend the sylvatic and domestic cycles of the parasite in paratenic hosts. Furthermore, assessing egg density in the environment, exploring potential new sources such as water, and identifying regions with optimal climatic conditions for the survival and development of eggs are crucial for the formulation of effective prevention and control strategies. Identifying at-risk groups, developing early diagnosis techniques, employing imaging methods, and identifying long-term complications in humans are also crucial. Community health organizations should prioritize health education for the public and professionals. Furthermore, accurately estimating definitive host populations, monitoring and preventing their movements in public places, implementing regular deworming practices for pets and stray hosts, and recognizing the infection's significance as a health priority are critical. This comprehensive understanding advocates for a holistic "one health" approach to control of HT.
人体弓首蛔虫病（HT）是一种在全球广泛传播的人畜共患感染病，在热带地区尤为普遍。加强我们对弓首蛔虫病的了解能够促使人们更加关注这种被忽视的人畜共患病的社会经济影响及防控。我们对伊朗所有关于弓首蛔虫病的可用文章和官方文件进行了全面综述，以确定其研究空白和防控的关键需求。该综述强调，尽管有众多研究探讨了终末宿主和转续宿主、人类以及环境污染等方面的弓首蛔虫病，但该国不同地区仍存在重大数据缺陷和空白。这些空白包括调查终末宿主中的蠕虫负担和再感染率、开发更灵敏的方法来检测和区分物种，以及了解终末宿主动物的行为。此外，确定HT的潜在转续宿主，并探索幼虫在这些宿主体内的器官特异性亲和力和存活时间，是至关重要的探索领域。理解寄生虫在转续宿主中的野生和家养循环也很有必要。此外，评估环境中的虫卵密度、探索潜在的新来源（如水），以及确定有利于虫卵存活和发育的最佳气候条件区域，对于制定有效的预防和控制策略至关重要。识别高危人群、开发早期诊断技术、采用成像方法以及确定人类的长期并发症也很关键。社区卫生组织应将对公众和专业人员的健康教育作为优先事项。此外，准确估计终末宿主数量、监测和防止它们在公共场所的移动、对宠物和流浪宿主定期进行驱虫，以及认识到该感染作为健康优先事项的重要性，都是至关重要的。这种全面的理解倡导采用整体的“同一健康”方法来控制HT。
