Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab), University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
Sports Biomech. 2023 Apr;22(4):597-620. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2097945. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Cycling is a sport where cyclists predominantly adopt a sitting posture, with the trunk tilted forward. This posture requires a high volume of training and duration in several intensities of effort. This study aims to: 1) evaluate the behaviour of the thoracic and lumbar spine flexion and sacral inclination in the sagittal plane, the thoracic and lumbar spine flexion in the frontal plane, and the trunk torsion in the transverse plane; 2) compare the activation of the core muscles as the intensity of effort increases during an incremental test in cycling, and 3) identify which core muscle has a greater activation in each intensity zone. The spinal posture and the activation of the eight core muscles were evaluated in twelve competitive cyclists during incremental cycling intensities. Thoracic and lumbar spine flexion and sacral inclination statistically increased as the intensity of effort increased (Start < VT1 < VT2 < VO2max). A significant increase in muscle activation was observed in all core muscles evaluated as the intensity increased. The rectus abdominis showed statistically significant greater muscle activation than the other core muscles evaluated. In conclusion, as the intensity of effort in cycling increases, cyclists significantly increase the thoracic and lumbar spine flexion, the sacral inclination in the sagittal plane, the thoracic and lumbar spine flexion in the frontal plane, trunk rotation in the transverse plane, as well as the activation of the core muscles.
自行车运动中，车手主要采用坐姿，上半身前倾。这种姿势需要大量的训练和长时间的各种强度的努力。本研究旨在：1）评估在递增式自行车测试中，脊柱胸段和腰段在矢状面的弯曲和骶骨倾斜、胸段和腰段在额状面的弯曲以及躯干扭转在横切面的运动情况；2）比较核心肌群在递增式测试中随着运动强度增加的激活情况；3）确定在每个强度区域中，哪个核心肌群的激活程度更大。本研究在递增式自行车强度测试中，对 12 名竞技自行车运动员的脊柱姿势和 8 块核心肌肉的激活情况进行了评估。随着运动强度的增加，脊柱胸段和腰段的弯曲以及骶骨在矢状面的倾斜程度显著增加（起始<VT1<VT2<最大摄氧量）。随着强度的增加，所有评估的核心肌肉的激活程度均显著增加。腹直肌的肌肉激活程度明显大于其他评估的核心肌肉。总之，随着自行车运动强度的增加，车手显著增加了脊柱胸段和腰段的弯曲、骶骨在矢状面的倾斜、胸段和腰段在额状面的弯曲、躯干在横切面的扭转以及核心肌群的激活程度。
