Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2022 Nov 1;215:114551. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114551. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
Monitoring food freshness/spoilage is important to ensure food quality and safety. Current methods of food quality monitoring are mostly time-consuming and labor intensive processes that require massive analytical equipment. In this study, we developed a portable bioelectronic nose (BE-nose) integrated with trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) nanodiscs (NDs), allowing food quality monitoring via the detection of food spoilage indicators, including the biogenic amines cadaverine (CV) and putrescine (PT). The olfactory receptors TAAR13c and TAAR13d, which have specific affinities for CV and PT, were produced and successfully reconstituted in ND structures. TAAR13 NDs BE-nose-based side-gated field-effect transistor (SG-FET) system was constructed by utilizing a graphene micropattern (GM) into which two types of olfactory NDs (TAAR13c ND and TAAR13d ND) were introduced, and this system showed ultrahigh sensitivity for a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 fM for CV and PT. Moreover, the binding affinities between the TAAR13 NDs and the indicators were confirmed by a tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay and biosimulations, in which the specific binding site was confirmed. Gas-phase indicators were detected by the TAAR13 NDs BE-nose platform, and the LODs for CV and PT were confirmed to be 26.48 and 7.29 ppb, respectively. In addition, TAAR13 NDs BE-nose was fabricated with commercial gas sensors as a portable platform for the measurement of NH and HS, multiplexed monitoring was achieved with similar performance, and the change ratio of the indicators was observed in a real sample. The integration of commercial gas sensors on a BE-nose enhanced the accuracy and reliability for the quality monitoring of real food samples. These results indicate that the portable TAAR13 NDs BE-nose can be used to monitor CV and PT over a wide range of concentrations, therefore, the electronic nose platform can be utilized for monitoring the freshness/spoilage step in various foods.
监测食物新鲜度/变质对于确保食物质量和安全非常重要。目前的食品质量监测方法大多是耗时耗力的过程，需要大量的分析设备。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种便携式生物电子鼻（BE-nose），该电子鼻与痕量胺相关受体（TAAR）纳米盘（ND）集成在一起，通过检测食物变质指标（包括生物胺尸胺（CV）和腐胺（PT））来监测食物质量。具有 CV 和 PT 特异性亲和力的嗅觉受体 TAAR13c 和 TAAR13d 被生产出来，并成功地在 ND 结构中进行了重组。TAAR13 ND 的 BE-nose 基于侧栅场效应晶体管（SG-FET）系统通过利用石墨烯微图案（GM）构建，GM 中引入了两种类型的嗅觉 ND（TAAR13c ND 和 TAAR13d ND），该系统对 CV 和 PT 的检测限（LOD）低至 1 fM，具有超高灵敏度。此外，通过色氨酸荧光猝灭测定和生物模拟证实了 TAAR13 ND 与指示剂之间的结合亲和力，其中确认了特定的结合位点。气相指示剂由 TAAR13 ND 的 BE-nose 平台检测，CV 和 PT 的 LOD 分别确认为 26.48 和 7.29 ppb。此外，TAAR13 ND 的 BE-nose 由商用气体传感器制成，作为测量 NH 和 HS 的便携式平台，实现了多重监测，在实际样品中观察到了指示物的变化率。在 BE-nose 上集成商用气体传感器提高了对实际食物样品质量监测的准确性和可靠性。这些结果表明，便携式 TAAR13 ND 的 BE-nose 可以用于监测 CV 和 PT 的宽浓度范围，因此，电子鼻平台可用于监测各种食物的新鲜度/变质阶段。
