Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 690065-130 Manaus, Brazil.
Grupo de Pesquisa Química Aplicada à Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 69050-020 Manaus, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2022 Aug;158:111519. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111519. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
Berries come from hundreds of different species of plants spread around the world. Blackberries, blueberries and raspberries, for instance, are popular berries that have attracted attention for providing several benefits to human health. Wild berries from the Melastomataceae family are commonly encountered in the Amazon, although these small blue fruits are poorly consumed. Although domesticated fruits give better monetary profits, the consumption of wild fruits is a desirable option to afford income and/or food to communities at the same time as keep the Amazon region preserved. Aiming the divulgation of the nutritional potential of these plants, this paper describes the study of six species of Amazonian blueberries, five of them from the Clidemia genus and one from the Tococa genus, in regard to their nutritional and chemical composition and antioxidant activity (AA). The levels of moisture, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and the total caloric values obtained for the Amazonian blueberries were comparable to other common edible berries. Although the six species are similar in terms of nutritional composition, their anthocyanin profiles and contents are quite peculiar. Two non-methylated anthocyanins, cyanidin and delphinidin, which bound to a variable number of sugars, characterized the berries of the genera Clidemia and Tococa. Clidemia japurensis, Clidemia hirta and Tococa bullifera were rich in tri-glycosylated anthocyanins, although differences are notable between them. Clidemia pustulata and Clidemia capitellata were characterized by the prevalence of mono-glycosylated anthocyanins, and Clidemia rubra showed a unique profile with mono- and di-glycosylated homologous as the main anthocyanins. In addition to their different chemical profiles, the concentrations of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds varied a lot among the six species studied. The species C. rubra had the highest total concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Therefore, this study showed that the blueberries analyzed have potential to be better explored, which we suggest doing in a sustainable way, aiming at the preservation of the Amazon's biodiversity.
浆果来自世界各地数百种不同的植物。例如，黑莓、蓝莓和覆盆子是受欢迎的浆果，它们为人类健康提供了多种益处。在亚马逊地区，人们经常会遇到野莓科的野莓，尽管这些小蓝果的食用价值不高。虽然驯化的水果能带来更好的经济利润，但食用野果是一个理想的选择，可以为社区提供收入和/或食物，同时保护亚马逊地区。为了宣传这些植物的营养潜力，本文描述了对亚马逊地区六种蓝莓的研究，其中五种来自 Clidemia 属，一种来自 Tococa 属，研究其营养成分、化学成分和抗氧化活性 (AA)。六种亚马逊蓝莓的水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和总热量水平与其他常见的可食用浆果相当。尽管这六种蓝莓在营养成分上相似，但它们的花色苷组成和含量却非常独特。两种非甲基化的花色苷，矢车菊素和飞燕草素，与不同数量的糖结合，构成了 Clidemia 和 Tococa 属的浆果特征。Clidemia japurensis、Clidemia hirta 和 Tococa bullifera 富含三糖基花色苷，尽管它们之间存在显著差异。Clidemia pustulata 和 Clidemia capitellata 的特点是单糖基花色苷占优势，而 Clidemia rubra 则表现出独特的图谱，以单糖和二糖基同源物为主要花色苷。除了它们不同的化学图谱外，六种研究物种之间花色苷和其他酚类化合物的浓度也有很大差异。C. rubra 种的总酚酸和类黄酮浓度最高。因此，本研究表明，所分析的蓝莓具有进一步开发的潜力，我们建议以可持续的方式进行开发，以保护亚马逊的生物多样性。
