Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2022 Aug;77:102114. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102114. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Mammalian preimplantation embryogenesis depends on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the microtubule cytoskeleton to enable exceptionally fast changes in cell number, function, architecture, and fate. Microtubule organising centres (MTOCs), which coordinate the remodelling of microtubules, are therefore of fundamental significance during the first days of a new life. Despite its indispensable role during early mammalian embryogenesis, the origin of microtubule growth remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarise the most recent discoveries on microtubule organisation and function during early human embryogenesis and compare these to innovative studies conducted in alternative mammalian models. We emphasise the differences and analogies of centriole inheritance and their role during the first cleavage. Furthermore, we highlight the significance of non-centrosomal MTOCs for embryo viability and discuss the potential of novel in vitro models and light-inducible approaches towards unravelling microtubule formation in research and assisted reproductive technologies.
哺乳动物的着床前胚胎发生依赖于微管细胞骨架的时空动态变化，从而实现细胞数量、功能、结构和命运的快速变化。微管组织中心（MTOC）协调微管的重塑，因此在新生命的头几天具有根本意义。尽管在早期哺乳动物胚胎发生中具有不可或缺的作用，但微管生长的起源仍知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们总结了早期人类胚胎发生中微管组织和功能的最新发现，并将其与在替代哺乳动物模型中进行的创新性研究进行了比较。我们强调了中心粒遗传的差异和相似性及其在第一次卵裂中的作用。此外，我们还强调了非中心体 MTOC 对胚胎活力的重要性，并讨论了新型体外模型和光诱导方法在研究和辅助生殖技术中揭示微管形成的潜力。
