Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793 022, India.
Biogerontology. 2022 Dec;23(6):657-680. doi: 10.1007/s10522-022-09978-7. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
Ageing is accompanied by alterations in several biochemical processes, highly influenced by its environment. It is controlled by the interactions at various levels of biological hierarchy. To maintain homeostasis, a number of nutrient sensors respond to the nutritional status of the cell and control its energy metabolism. Mitochondrial physiology is influenced by the energy status of the cell. The alterations in mitochondrial physiology and the network of nutrient sensors result in mitochondrial damage leading to age related metabolic degeneration and diseases. Calorie restriction (CR) has proved to be as the most successful intervention to achieve the goal of longevity and healthspan. CR elicits a hormetic response and regulates metabolism by modulating these networks. In this review, the authors summarize the interdependent relationship between mitochondrial physiology and nutrient sensors during the ageing process and their role in regulating metabolism.
衰老是伴随着几种生化过程的改变而发生的，这些改变受到其环境的高度影响。它是由生物层次的各种相互作用控制的。为了维持体内平衡，许多营养传感器会对细胞的营养状态做出反应，并控制其能量代谢。线粒体生理学受细胞能量状态的影响。线粒体生理学和营养传感器网络的改变导致线粒体损伤，导致与年龄相关的代谢退化和疾病。热量限制（CR）已被证明是实现长寿和健康寿命目标的最成功干预措施。CR 通过调节这些网络产生一种应激反应，调节代谢。在这篇综述中，作者总结了衰老过程中线粒体生理学和营养传感器之间相互依存的关系，以及它们在调节代谢中的作用。
