School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
Int J Paleopathol. 2022 Sep;38:76-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.05.006. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
This research introduces 'The Bioarchaeology of Disability' (BoD), a population-scale approach which allows for a comprehensive understanding of physical impairment and disability in past communities through a combination of palaeopathological, funerary, and documentary analyses.
The BoD consists of three phases: 1) Contextualisation includes period-specific literature review; 2) Data collection consists of palaeopathological re-analysis of all individuals with physical impairment and collation of mortuary treatment data; and 3) Analysis integrates the gathered data, literature review, and theoretical frameworks to explore contemporary perceptions of disability.
The BoD is demonstrated through an investigation of physical impairment and disability in later Anglo-Saxon England (c.8th-11th centuries AD) which includes four burial populations (N=1543; N=28).
Individuals with physical impairment could be buried with normative or non-normative treatment (e.g., stone/clay inclusions, non-normative body positioning), and in marginal, non-marginal, and central locations.
The overall funerary variation for individuals with physical impairment was relatively slight, which may suggest that religious factors were influencing normative funerary treatment of impaired and potentially disabled individuals. The funerary variability that was observed for individuals with physical impairment was probably influenced by individual and community-specific beliefs.
This research describes a population-scale approach to archaeological disability studies that can be replicated in other archaeological contexts.
Individuals with non-skeletal physical impairment (e.g., soft tissue, mental) are not considered by the BoD.
The BoD should be applied to different archaeological communities around the world to better understand disability and physical impairment in the past.
本研究介绍了“残疾的生物考古学”（BoD），这是一种基于人群的方法，通过对古病理学、丧葬和文献资料的综合分析，可以全面了解过去社区中身体损伤和残疾的情况。
BoD 包括三个阶段：1）语境化，包括特定时期的文献综述；2）数据收集，包括对所有身体损伤个体的古病理学重新分析和丧葬处理数据的整理；3）分析，将收集的数据、文献综述和理论框架整合起来，探索当代对残疾的看法。
BoD 通过对晚期盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰（公元 8-11 世纪）身体损伤和残疾的研究进行了演示，包括四个埋葬人群（N=1543；N=28）。
身体损伤的个体可以接受规范或非规范的丧葬处理（例如，石/粘土包含物，非规范的身体位置），并可以葬在边缘、非边缘和中心位置。
身体损伤个体的整体丧葬变化相对较小，这可能表明宗教因素影响了对损伤和潜在残疾个体的规范丧葬处理。观察到的身体损伤个体的丧葬变异性可能受到个体和社区特定信仰的影响。
本研究描述了一种基于人群的考古学残疾研究方法，可以在其他考古学背景下复制。
BoD 不考虑非骨骼身体损伤（例如，软组织、精神）的个体。
应将 BoD 应用于世界各地的不同考古社区，以更好地了解过去的残疾和身体损伤情况。
