Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
Department of Health I, School of Dentistry, Southwest Bahia State University, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, Jequié, BA, 45206190, Brazil.
Prog Orthod. 2022 Jul 18;23(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40510-022-00418-3.
Emoji are pictograms frequently used in social networks capable of expressing emotions. These tools can provide insights into people's behavior that could not be obtained with the use of textual communication. Recently, emoji have been introduced to various research fields as successful alternatives to word-based questionnaires for measure emotional responses. The objective of this study was to preliminarily evaluate the discriminating ability and relationship of these tools with different occlusal conditions/malocclusions.
Online surveys were applied to adult individuals (n = 201; mean age = 27.4 ± 5.7; 37.3% males, 62.7% females). Subjects issued acceptance scores (10-point scale) and expressed their emotional status using a 30-emoji list in relation to nine occlusal conditions: C1-crowding, C2-anterior open bite, C3-interincisal diastema, C4-increased overjet + deep bite (Class II div. 1), C5-anterior crossbite (Class III), C6-ideal occlusion, C7-unilateral posterior crossbite, C8-anterior open bite plus bilateral posterior crossbite plus crowding, and C9-deep bite (Class II div. 2). Cochran's Q and McNemar tests were used to compare the frequencies of choice of emoji between conditions. Correspondence analyses were applied to assess the association between occlusal conditions and emoji. Kendall's correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the relationship between mean acceptance scores and frequency counts of each emoji.
The frequency of choice between conditions showed a significant difference for 25 of the 30 emoji (P < 0.05), indicating an adequate discriminating ability of these tools. Emoji were grouped predominantly based on their emotional valence (positive/negative) and arousal/activation (high/low). Positive emoji were associated with the most accepted conditions (i.e., C6, C3), while negative emoji with the most rejected ones (i.e., C8, C1, C2). Although only weak, positive correlations between acceptance and positively valenced emoji, and negative correlations between acceptance and negatively valenced emoji were observed (P < 0.05).
Emoji have an adequate discriminatory ability and would allow determining emotional profiles in the face of different occlusal conditions. Further research is necessary to consolidate the use of these tools in an instrument that allows measuring emotional responses.
表情符号是常用于社交网络的象形符号，能够表达情感。这些工具可以提供人们行为的见解，而这些见解无法通过使用文本交流获得。最近，表情符号已被引入到各个研究领域，作为基于单词的问卷的成功替代品，用于测量情绪反应。本研究的目的是初步评估这些工具的区分能力以及与不同咬合条件/错合的关系。
对 201 名成年个体（平均年龄 27.4±5.7；男性占 37.3%，女性占 62.7%）进行了在线调查。受测者对九种咬合条件（C1-拥挤、C2-前开颌、C3-中切牙间隙、C4-上前牙覆盖增加+深覆颌（安氏Ⅱ类 1 分类）、C5-前牙反颌（安氏Ⅲ类）、C6-理想咬合、C7-单侧后牙反颌、C8-前开颌+双侧后牙反颌+拥挤、C9-深覆颌（安氏Ⅱ类 2 分类））进行了接受评分（10 分制），并使用 30 个表情符号列表来表达他们的情绪状态。采用 Cochran Q 和 McNemar 检验比较条件之间选择表情符号的频率。应用对应分析评估咬合条件与表情符号之间的关系。Kendall 相关系数用于评估平均接受评分与每个表情符号的频数计数之间的关系。
30 个表情符号中有 25 个在条件之间的选择频率存在显著差异（P<0.05），表明这些工具具有足够的区分能力。表情符号主要根据其情绪效价（正/负）和唤醒/激活（高/低）进行分组。积极的表情符号与最被接受的条件（即 C6、C3）相关，而消极的表情符号与最被拒绝的条件（即 C8、C1、C2）相关。虽然相关性较弱，但观察到接受度与正效价表情符号之间呈正相关，与负效价表情符号之间呈负相关（P<0.05）。
表情符号具有足够的区分能力，可以确定面对不同咬合条件时的情绪特征。需要进一步研究来巩固这些工具在允许测量情绪反应的工具中的使用。
