Bode Sebastian F N, Haendly Marisa, Fabricius Dorit, Mayer Benjamin, Zernickel Maria, Haddad Anneke Donne Maree, Frieh Pauline, Elling Roland, Renk Hanna, Stich Maximilian, Jacobsen Eva-Maria, Debatin Klaus-Michael, Janda Ales
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Front Pediatr. 2022 Jun 30;10:894331. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.894331. eCollection 2022.
Pulmonary involvement is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Long-term impairment has been reported in adults with severe infection. However, most infections cause only mild symptoms or are even asymptomatic, especially in children. There is insufficient evidence regarding pulmonary outcome measures in mild SARS-CoV-2. The objectives of this study were to determine spirometry parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlate those with reported persisting symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.
Data on clinical symptoms during acute infection as well as SARS-CoV-2 serology results were recorded. Twelve months after infection, spirometry was performed and information on persisting symptoms was collected using a structured questionnaire. 182 participants (108 SARS-CoV-2 positive) from 48 families were included; 53 children (< 14 years), 34 adolescents and young adults (14-25 years), and 95 adults.
Spirometry values did not significantly differ between the particular subgroups of the cohort (adults, adolescents, children; infected and non-infected individuals). Adults reported more symptoms during acute infection as well more persisting fatigue (29.7% of participants), reduced physical resilience (34.4%), and dyspnea (25.0%) 12 months after infection than adolescents (fatigue 26.7%, reduced physical resilience 20%, and 0% dyspnea) and children (4%, 0%, 0%, respectively). There was no correlation between persistent subjective symptoms and spirometry results.
Children and adolescents are less affected than adults by acute SARS-CoV-2 as well as by post-infection persistent symptoms. Spirometry was not able to demonstrate any differences between healthy individuals and participants who had suffered from mild SARS-CoV-2 12 months after the infection.
肺部受累是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染后发病和死亡的主要原因。已有报道称严重感染的成年人会出现长期功能损害。然而，大多数感染仅引起轻微症状甚至无症状，尤其是在儿童中。关于轻度SARS-CoV-2感染的肺部结局指标，证据不足。本研究的目的是确定SARS-CoV-2感染后的肺功能参数，并将这些参数与儿童、青少年和成年人报告的持续症状相关联。
记录急性感染期间的临床症状数据以及SARS-CoV-2血清学结果。感染12个月后，进行肺功能检查，并使用结构化问卷收集持续症状的信息。纳入了来自48个家庭的182名参与者（108名SARS-CoV-2阳性）；53名儿童（<14岁）、34名青少年和青年（14-25岁）以及95名成年人。
该队列的特定亚组（成年人、青少年、儿童；感染和未感染个体）之间的肺功能值没有显著差异。成年人报告在急性感染期间出现更多症状，以及在感染12个月后出现更多持续疲劳（29.7%的参与者）、身体恢复力下降（34.4%）和呼吸困难（25.0%），高于青少年（疲劳26.7%、身体恢复力下降20%、呼吸困难0%）和儿童（分别为4%、0%、0%）。持续的主观症状与肺功能检查结果之间没有相关性。
儿童和青少年受急性SARS-CoV-2感染以及感染后持续症状的影响小于成年人。肺功能检查未能显示健康个体与感染12个月后患有轻度SARS-CoV-2的参与者之间存在任何差异。
