Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Radiology, Kuopio, Finland.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jul 1;10:858210. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.858210. eCollection 2022.
Maternal diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is associated with impairments in memory functions of the offspring in childhood and adolescence but has not been studied in adulthood. The association of perinatal hypoglycemia with memory has not been studied in adulthood either. The combined sequelae of these two risk factors have not been directly compared. We studied general cognitive ability and memory functions in a prospective follow-up of a cohort born in 1971 to 1974. The sample included participants exposed to prenatal hyperglycemia ( = 24), perinatal hypoglycemia ( = 19), or both ( = 7). It also included controls with no early risks ( = 82). We assessed the participants' Intelligence quotient (IQ), working memory, and immediate and delayed recall of both verbal and visual material at the age of 40. We did not find significant differences in IQ or the memory tests between the groups. We did identify an interaction ( = 0.03) of the early risk with the type of digit span task: compared to the controls, the participants exposed to perinatal hypoglycemia had a larger difference between the forward digit span, a measure of attention, and the backward digit span, a measure of working memory processing ( = 0.022). The interaction remained significant when birth weight was controlled for ( = 0.026). Thus, in this small cohort, prenatal hyperglycemia, perinatal hypoglycemia, and their combination appeared relatively benign disorders. The association of these conditions with neurocognitive impairments in adulthood remains unconfirmed. The significance of the working memory difference needs to be verified with a larger sample.
孕期母体糖尿病与儿童和青少年时期后代的记忆功能障碍有关，但在成年期尚未进行研究。围产期低血糖与记忆的关系在成年期也尚未进行研究。这两个危险因素的综合后果尚未被直接比较。我们在一项对 1971 年至 1974 年出生的队列进行的前瞻性随访中研究了一般认知能力和记忆功能。该样本包括暴露于产前高血糖（=24）、围产期低血糖（=19）或两者（=7）的参与者，还包括无早期风险的对照者（=82）。我们评估了参与者在 40 岁时的智商、工作记忆以及言语和视觉材料的即时和延迟回忆。我们没有发现各组之间智商或记忆测试有显著差异。我们确实发现了早期风险与数字跨度任务类型之间的相互作用（=0.03）：与对照组相比，暴露于围产期低血糖的参与者在前向数字跨度（注意力的一种衡量标准）和后向数字跨度（工作记忆处理的一种衡量标准）之间的差异更大（=0.022）。当控制出生体重时，这种相互作用仍然显著（=0.026）。因此，在这个小队列中，产前高血糖、围产期低血糖及其组合似乎是相对良性的疾病。这些情况与成年期神经认知障碍的关联仍未得到证实。需要用更大的样本来验证工作记忆差异的意义。
