Zufferey Cz Chloé, Skovdal Ms Morten, Gjødsbøl Img Iben Mundbjerg, Jervelund Ssj Signe Smith
Section for Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2022 Sep;79:103157. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103157. Epub 2022 Jul 12.
The COVID-19 pandemic shed light on rooted social inequalities and on housing as a crucial social determinant of health. Little is known on current practices and new opportunities to support people experiencing homelessness in a situation of a global health crisis. This study explores frontline workers' experiences of providing essential services to people experiencing homelessness in Copenhagen, Denmark, during the first COVID-19 lockdown, and highlights best practices of care in future crises.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted in August-September 2020 with nine service providers working in six organizations offering essential services to people experiencing homelessness during the spring 2020 lockdown in Copenhagen. The data analysis, following inductive coding, drew upon the concept of disaster resilience.
Several initiatives were undertaken by the municipality and local organizations to ensure the continuation and adaptation of essential services to people experiencing homelessness during the COVID-19 crisis. These included collaborations with and financial support from businesses, the municipality, and other service providers; a mobile test unit, temporary shelters, and isolation sites; and an increased availability of opioid substitution treatment. Several improvements are to be made, particularly regarding sustainability and long-term benefits of the initiatives, facility-level risk preparedness, universal access to essential services for undocumented migrants, as well as collaboration between service providers.
The lockdown offered the opportunity to experiment with innovative ways of working, of which many had a protective effect on people experiencing homelessness. This knowledge can be used to improve services and reduce the long-term vulnerability of people experiencing homelessness.
新冠疫情揭示了根深蒂固的社会不平等现象，以及住房作为健康的关键社会决定因素的重要性。对于在全球卫生危机背景下支持无家可归者的当前做法和新机遇，我们知之甚少。本研究探讨了一线工作者在丹麦哥本哈根首次新冠疫情封锁期间为无家可归者提供基本服务的经历，并强调了未来危机中最佳的护理实践。
2020年8月至9月，对在六个组织工作的九名服务提供者进行了半结构式访谈，这些组织在2020年春季哥本哈根封锁期间为无家可归者提供基本服务。数据分析采用归纳编码，借鉴了灾害恢复力的概念。
市政府和当地组织采取了多项举措，以确保在新冠疫情危机期间继续并调整为无家可归者提供的基本服务。这些举措包括与企业、市政府和其他服务提供者的合作及财政支持；一个移动检测单元、临时避难所和隔离场所；以及增加阿片类药物替代治疗的可及性。仍有一些方面需要改进，特别是这些举措的可持续性和长期效益、设施层面的风险防范、无证件移民获得基本服务的普遍机会，以及服务提供者之间的合作。
封锁提供了试验创新工作方式的机会，其中许多方式对无家可归者起到了保护作用。这些知识可用于改善服务，并降低无家可归者的长期脆弱性。
