Zhou Jiawu, Yang Ying, Lv Yonggang, Pu Qiuhong, Li Jing, Zhang Yu, Deng Xianneng, Wang Min, Wang Jie, Tao Dayun
Yunnan Key Laboratory for Rice Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.
Institute of Plant Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 30;13:932737. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932737. eCollection 2022.
As one of the most important crops, Asian cultivated rice has evolved into a complex group including several subgroups adapting various eco-climate-systems around the globe. Here, we pictured a comprehensive view of its original domestication, divergences, and the origin of different subgroups by integrating agriculture, archeology, genetics, nuclear, and cytoplasm genome results. Then, it was highlighted that interspecific hybridization-introgression has played important role in improving the genetic diversity and adaptation of during its evolution process. Natural hybridization-introgression led to the origin of , and subgroups, which adapted to changing cultivated environments, and produced feral weedy rice coexisting and competing with cultivars under production management. Artificial interspecific hybridization-introgression gained several breakthroughs in rice breeding, such as developing three-line hybrid rice, new rice for Africa (NERICA), and some important pest and disease resistance genes in rice genetic improvement, contributing to the stable increase of rice production to meet the expanding human population. We proposed a series to exploit the virtues of hybridization-introgression in the genetic improvement of Asian cultivated rice. But some key issues such as reproductive barriers especially hybrid sterility should be investigated further, which are conducive to gene exchange between cultivated rice and its relatives, and even is beneficial to exploiting interspecific hybrid vigor. New technologies help introduce favorable genes from distant wild species to Asian cultivated rice, such as transgenic and genome editing systems. Rising introgression lines in a wider range with multi-donor benefits allele mining, understanding genetic network of rice growth and development, yield formation, and environmental adaptation. Then, integration of new tools and interspecific hybridization can be a future direction to develop more usable breeding populations which can make Asian cultivated rice more resilient to the changing climate and world.
作为最重要的作物之一，亚洲栽培稻已演变成一个复杂的群体，包括几个适应全球各种生态气候系统的亚群。在这里，我们通过整合农业、考古学、遗传学、核基因组和细胞质基因组的研究结果，描绘了一幅关于其原始驯化、分化以及不同亚群起源的全景图。随后强调了种间杂交渐渗在其进化过程中对提高遗传多样性和适应性所起的重要作用。自然杂交渐渗导致了适应不断变化的栽培环境的 、 和 亚群的起源，并产生了在生产管理下与栽培品种共存并竞争的野生杂草稻。人工种间杂交渐渗在水稻育种方面取得了多项突破，如培育三系杂交水稻、非洲新稻（NERICA），以及在水稻遗传改良中获得一些重要的病虫害抗性基因，为水稻产量的稳定增长以满足不断增长的人口做出了贡献。我们提出了一系列利用杂交渐渗优势进行亚洲栽培稻遗传改良的方法。但一些关键问题，如生殖障碍尤其是杂种不育，仍需进一步研究，这有利于栽培稻与其近缘种之间的基因交流，甚至有助于利用种间杂种优势。新技术有助于将有利基因从远缘野生种引入亚洲栽培稻，如转基因和基因组编辑系统。在更广泛范围内培育渐渗系有利于多供体有利等位基因挖掘，了解水稻生长发育、产量形成和环境适应性的遗传网络。然后，新工具与种间杂交的整合可能是未来培育更实用育种群体的一个方向，这可以使亚洲栽培稻对不断变化的气候和世界更具适应性。
