Liu Feng, Chen Jiefang, Luo Changqing, Meng Xianfang
Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Physiol. 2022 Jun 29;13:948094. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.948094. eCollection 2022.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the regulation of various important biological processes by regulating the expression of various genes at the post-transcriptional level. Podocytopathies are a series of renal diseases in which direct or indirect damage of podocytes results in proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. Despite decades of research, the exact pathogenesis of podocytopathies remains incompletely understood and effective therapies are still lacking. An increasing body of evidence has revealed a critical role of miRNAs dysregulation in the onset and progression of podocytopathies. Moreover, several lines of research aimed at improving common podocytopathies diagnostic tools and avoiding invasive kidney biopsies have also identified circulating and urine miRNAs as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for podocytopathies. The present review mainly aims to provide an updated overview of the recent achievements in research on the potential applicability of miRNAs involved in renal disorders related to podocyte dysfunction by laying particular emphasis on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), membranous nephropathy (MN), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Further investigation into these dysregulated miRNAs will not only generate novel insights into the mechanisms of podocytopathies, but also might yield novel strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of this disease.
微小RNA（miRNA）通过在转录后水平调节各种基因的表达，参与多种重要生物学过程的调控。足细胞病是一系列肾脏疾病，其中足细胞的直接或间接损伤会导致蛋白尿或肾病综合征。尽管经过数十年的研究，但足细胞病的确切发病机制仍未完全明了，且仍缺乏有效的治疗方法。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA失调在足细胞病的发生和发展中起关键作用。此外，旨在改进常见足细胞病诊断工具并避免进行侵入性肾活检的多项研究，也已将循环miRNA和尿液miRNA确定为足细胞病可能的诊断和预后生物标志物。本综述主要旨在特别强调局灶节段性肾小球硬化（FSGS）、微小病变肾病（MCD）、膜性肾病（MN）、糖尿病肾病（DKD）和IgA肾病（IgAN），对参与与足细胞功能障碍相关的肾脏疾病的miRNA的潜在适用性研究的最新成果进行更新概述。对这些失调的miRNA的进一步研究不仅将为足细胞病的发病机制带来新的见解，还可能产生针对该疾病的诊断和治疗的新策略。
