Mahama Peter N-Jonaam, Kabo-Bah Amos Tiereyangn, Blanford Justine I, Yamba Edmund Ilimoan, Antwi-Agyei Prince
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.
Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
J Trop Med. 2022 Jul 14;2022:4589007. doi: 10.1155/2022/4589007. eCollection 2022.
The current epidemiological transition makes us wonder how the parallel of infectious diseases (IDs) might be at the end of each passing year. Yet, the surveillance of these IDs continues to focus on high-profile diseases of public health importance without keeping track of the broad spectrum of the IDs we face. Here, we presented the prevalence of the broad spectrum of IDs in Ghana. Data from the annual reports on Gold Coast now Ghana, Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Network (GIDEON), and the District Health Information Management System II (DHIMS2) databases were examined for records of ID prevalence in Ghana. Using the IDs from these databases, the paper assessed the epidemiological transition, pathogen-host interactions, spatiotemporal distribution, transmission routes, and their potential areas of impact in Ghana. The topmost ID recorded in health facilities in Ghana transitioned from yaws in the 1890s to malaria in the 1950s through 2020. We then presented the hosts of a pathogen and the pathogens of a host, the administrative districts where a pathogen was found, and the pathogens found in each district of Ghana. The highest modes of transmission routes were through direct contact for bacteria and airborne or droplet-borne for viral pathogens. From GIDEON, 226 IDs were identified as endemic or potentially endemic in Ghana, with 42% cited in peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2020. From the extent of risk of endemic or potentially endemic IDs, Ghana faces a high risk of ID burden that we should be mindful of their changing patterns and should keep track of the state of each of them.
当前的流行病学转变让我们思考，每年过去，传染病的情况会如何变化。然而，对这些传染病的监测仍集中在具有公共卫生重要性的知名疾病上，而没有追踪我们所面临的广泛传染病种类。在此，我们展示了加纳广泛传染病种类的流行情况。对来自《黄金海岸现加纳》年度报告、全球传染病与流行病学网络（GIDEON）以及地区卫生信息管理系统二期（DHIMS2）数据库的数据进行了审查，以获取加纳传染病流行情况的记录。利用这些数据库中的传染病信息，本文评估了加纳的流行病学转变、病原体与宿主的相互作用、时空分布、传播途径及其潜在影响领域。加纳医疗机构记录的最主要传染病从19世纪90年代的雅司病转变为20世纪50年代至2020年的疟疾。然后，我们展示了病原体的宿主、宿主的病原体、发现病原体的行政区以及加纳每个行政区发现的病原体。最高的传播途径模式是细菌通过直接接触传播，病毒病原体通过空气传播或飞沫传播。从GIDEON数据库中，确定了226种传染病在加纳为地方性或潜在地方性疾病，其中42%在2000年至2020年的同行评审文章中被提及。从地方性或潜在地方性传染病的风险程度来看，加纳面临着很高的传染病负担风险，我们应该留意它们的变化模式，并跟踪每种传染病的状况。
