Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Chagas Section, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Jun 30;12:910854. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.910854. eCollection 2022.
Chagas disease, caused by the intracellular pathogen , is the parasitic disease with the greatest impact in Latin America and the most common cause of infectious myocarditis in the world. The immune system plays a central role in the control of infection but at the same time needs to be controlled to prevent the development of pathology in the host. It has been shown that persistent infection with induces exhaustion of parasite-specific T cell responses in subjects with chronic Chagas disease. The continuous inflammatory reaction due to parasite persistence in the heart also leads to necrosis and fibrosis. The complement system is a key element of the innate immune system, but recent findings have also shown that the interaction between its components and immune cell receptors might modulate several functions of the adaptive immune system. Moreover, the findings that most of immune cells can produce complement proteins and express their receptors have led to the notion that the complement system also has non canonical functions in the T cell. During human infection by , complement activation might play a dual role in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease; it is initially crucial in controlling parasitemia and might later contributes to the development of symptomatic forms of Chagas disease due to its role in T-cell regulation. Herein, we will discuss the putative role of effector complement molecules on T-cell immune exhaustion during chronic human infection.
恰加斯病由细胞内病原体 引起，是拉丁美洲影响最大的寄生虫病，也是世界上传染性心肌炎最常见的病因。免疫系统在控制 感染方面起着核心作用，但同时也需要加以控制，以防止宿主发生病理变化。有研究表明，慢性恰加斯病患者体内持续感染 会导致寄生虫特异性 T 细胞反应衰竭。寄生虫在心脏内持续存在引起的持续炎症反应也会导致坏死和纤维化。补体系统是先天免疫系统的关键组成部分，但最近的研究结果还表明，其成分与免疫细胞受体的相互作用可能调节适应性免疫系统的几个功能。此外，发现大多数免疫细胞都可以产生补体蛋白并表达其受体，这使得人们认为补体系统在 T 细胞中也具有非经典功能。在人体感染 期间，补体激活可能在恰加斯病的急性和慢性阶段发挥双重作用；它在控制寄生虫血症方面最初至关重要，而后来由于其在 T 细胞调节中的作用，可能导致恰加斯病出现症状性形式。在此，我们将讨论效应补体分子在慢性人体 感染期间对 T 细胞免疫衰竭的可能作用。
