Parker Maggie M, Dailey Stephanie F, Emmanuel A Diona, Campbell Andrew
Graduate School of Education and Human Development, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, USA.
College of Education and Human Development, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Glob Health J. 2022 Sep;6(3):174-179. doi: 10.1016/j.glohj.2022.07.008. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
Despite recognition that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created an unprecedented impact on global mental health, information on the psychological health among trauma survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic is rare. We sought to examine psychological outcomes among individuals with preexisting traumatic experiences during COVID-19.
We sampled 1 242 adults in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States under a state-issued Phase 1 stay-at-home mandate to examine associations between pre-pandemic trauma exposure as measured by the Brief Trauma Questionnaire (BTQ) and anxiety and depression, as measured by the Patient Reported Outcome Scale Anxiety and Depression (PROMIS-A and PROMIS-D).
Pre-pandemic trauma exposure among the sample was reported, with 281 (22.6%) participants identifying as experiencing one trauma, 209 (16.8%) reporting two, and 468 (37.7%) reporting three or more. As reported experiences of trauma increased, so did participant anxiety and depressive symptomatology. One-way Analysis of Variance indicated that reported trauma was significantly positively correlated with anxiety ( < 0.01) and depressive symptomatology ( < 0.01).
Findings highlight the immense psychological toll of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically with individuals who were previously exposed to trauma. Public health officials can encourage physicians, employers, and universities to screen patients, employees, and students to assess previous trauma, psychological functioning, and risk factors. Collaboration between physicians and mental health providers including psychiatrists, psychologists, counselors, and social workers to provide evidence informed rapid coordination of care can better meet the global mental health crisis that is arising as a result of this unprecedented global trauma.
尽管人们认识到2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对全球心理健康产生了前所未有的影响，但关于COVID-19大流行期间创伤幸存者心理健康的信息却很少。我们试图研究在COVID-19期间有既往创伤经历的个体的心理结果。
我们在美国大西洋中部地区对1242名成年人进行了抽样，当时该州发布了第一阶段居家令，以研究通过简易创伤问卷（BTQ）测量的大流行前创伤暴露与通过患者报告结果量表焦虑和抑郁（PROMIS-A和PROMIS-D）测量的焦虑和抑郁之间的关联。
报告了样本中的大流行前创伤暴露情况，281名（22.6%）参与者表示经历过一次创伤，209名（16.8%）报告经历过两次，468名（37.7%）报告经历过三次或更多次。随着报告的创伤经历增加，参与者的焦虑和抑郁症状也增加。单因素方差分析表明，报告的创伤与焦虑（<0.01）和抑郁症状（<0.01）显著正相关。
研究结果凸显了COVID-19大流行对心理造成的巨大影响，特别是对那些曾遭受过创伤的个体。公共卫生官员可以鼓励医生、雇主和大学对患者、员工和学生进行筛查，以评估既往创伤、心理功能和风险因素。医生与包括精神科医生、心理学家、顾问和社会工作者在内的心理健康服务提供者合作，提供基于证据的快速护理协调，能够更好地应对这场前所未有的全球创伤所引发的全球心理健康危机。
