Mitchell M C, Lerner E
J Am Diet Assoc. 1987 Jun;87(6):731-5.
A retrospective analysis was made of 1,080 singleton pregnancies of middle-class women to identify factors that influence outcome as measured by birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores, and the incidence of complications. Increased birth weight was associated with increases in weight gain, maternal age, gestational age, maternal initial body weight, maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit values at 3 months, hemoglobin levels at 7 months, and socioeconomic status. For women whose initial weights were 90% to 135% of the standard, highest birth weights occurred when weight gains exceeded 29 lb. A 1 lb gain in maternal weight was associated with a 6 gm increase in birth weight. Birth weight was negatively correlated with a complicated obstetrical history and maternal cigarette smoking. Infants of heavy smokers weighed an average of 156 gm less than infants of nonsmokers. One-minute Apgar scores were significantly lower for infants of mothers who consumed alcohol and those who had had a complicated obstetrical history. Initial maternal weight and the husband's occupation positively influenced gestational age. There was no relationship between the incidence of maternal or infant complications and independent variables.
对1080例中产阶级女性的单胎妊娠进行了回顾性分析，以确定影响出生体重、孕周、阿氏评分和并发症发生率等结局指标的因素。出生体重增加与体重增加、母亲年龄、孕周、母亲初始体重、母亲3个月时的血红蛋白和血细胞比容值、7个月时的血红蛋白水平以及社会经济地位的增加有关。对于初始体重为标准体重90%至135%的女性，当体重增加超过29磅时，出生体重最高。母亲体重每增加1磅，出生体重增加6克。出生体重与复杂的产科病史和母亲吸烟呈负相关。重度吸烟者的婴儿平均比不吸烟者的婴儿轻156克。母亲饮酒和有复杂产科病史的母亲所生婴儿的1分钟阿氏评分显著较低。母亲的初始体重和丈夫的职业对孕周有正向影响。母亲或婴儿并发症的发生率与自变量之间没有关系。
